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Present study explores the possible evolutionary drivers shaping the genetic organization of <jats:italic>Pfrh<\/jats:italic>s in Indian parasite population. It simultaneously evaluates a putative gain-of-function variant of PfRH5, a keystone member of PfRH family.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Receptor binding regions of <jats:italic>Pfrh1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pfrh2a\/b<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pfrh4<\/jats:italic> and whole <jats:italic>Pfrh5<\/jats:italic> were amplified using blood samples of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria patients from Chhattisgarh and West Bengal and sequenced. Assembled sequences were analysed using MEGA7 and DnaSPv6. Binding affinities of recombinant PfRH5 proteins with basigin (BSG) were compared using in silico (CHARMM and AUTODOCK) and in vitro (Circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry) methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Pfrh1<\/jats:italic> (0.5), <jats:italic>Pfrh2a\/b (<\/jats:italic>0.875), <jats:italic>Pfrh4<\/jats:italic> (0.667) and <jats:italic>Pfrh5<\/jats:italic> (0.778) sequence changes corresponded to low frequency (&lt;\u20090.05) variants which resulted in an overall negative Tajima\u2019s D. Since mismatch distribution of none of the <jats:italic>Pfrh<\/jats:italic> loci corroborated with the model of demographic expansion, a possible role of natural selection formulating <jats:italic>Pfrh<\/jats:italic> sequence diversity was investigated. Among the 5 members, <jats:italic>Pfrh5<\/jats:italic> displayed very high dN\/dS (5.7) ratio. Nevertheless, the model of selective sweep due to presence of any advantageous substitutions could not be invoked as polymorphic nonsynonymous sites (17\/18) for <jats:italic>Pfrh5<\/jats:italic> exceeded significantly over the divergent (62\/86) ones (p\u2009=\u20090.0436). The majority of extant PfRH5 sequences (52\/83) differed from the reference Pf3D7 allele by a single amino acid mismatch (C203Y). This non-conservative alteration was predicted to lower the total interaction energy of that PfRH5<jats:sub>variant<\/jats:sub> with BSG, compared to PfRH5<jats:sub>3D7<\/jats:sub>. Biophysical evidences validated the proposition that PfRH5<jats:sub>variant<\/jats:sub> formed a more stable complex with BSG. Thermodynamic association constant for interaction of BSG with PfRH5<jats:sub>variant<\/jats:sub> was also found to be higher (Ka<jats:sub>variant<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20093.63E6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.02E6 M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and Ka<jats:sub>3D7<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.31E6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21E6 M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Together, the study indicates that the genetic architecture of <jats:italic>Pfrh<\/jats:italic>s is principally shaped by purifying selection. The most abundant and ubiquitous PfRH5 variant harbouring 203Y, exhibits a greater affinity for BSG compared to PfRH5<jats:sub>3D7<\/jats:sub> possessing 203C allele. The study underscores the importance of selecting the functional allele that best represents circulating strains in natural parasite populations as vaccine targets.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03433-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T09:03:43Z","timestamp":1602666223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population genetic and biophysical evidences reveal that purifying selection shapes the genetic landscape of Plasmodium falciparum RH ligands in Chhattisgarh and West Bengal, India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sharmistha","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramita","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanhita","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitashree","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumana Datta","family":"Kanjilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanta","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjan Kr.","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1752-6143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghamitra","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.155","volume":"75","author":"CT Happi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Bolaji OM, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, et al. 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