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Transmission of malaria in Cambodia is limited to forest environments, and the main population at risk consists of forest-goers who rely on forest products for income or sustenance. The ideal interventions to eliminate malaria from this population are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In two forested regions of Cambodia, forest-goers were trained to become forest malaria workers (FMWs). In one region, FMWs performed mass screening and treatment, focal screening and treatment, and passive case detection inside the forest. In the other region, FMWs played an observational role for the first year, to inform the choice of intervention for the second year. In both forests, FMWs collected blood samples and questionnaire data from all forest-goers they encountered. Mosquito collections were performed in each forest.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria prevalence by PCR was high in the forest, with 2.3\u20135.0% positive for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and 14.6\u201325.0% positive for <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> among forest-goers in each study site. In vectors, malaria prevalence ranged from 2.1% to 9.6%, but no <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> was observed. Results showed poor performance of mass screening and treatment, with sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests equal to 9.1% (95% CI 1.1%, 29.2%) for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and 4.4% (95% CI 1.6%, 9.2%) for <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>. Malaria infections were observed in all demographics and throughout the studied forests, with no clear risk factors emerging.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria prevalence remains high among Cambodian forest-goers, but performance of rapid diagnostic tests is poor. More adapted strategies to this population, such as intermittent preventive treatment of forest goers, should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03572-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T13:03:44Z","timestamp":1611147824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Choosing interventions to eliminate forest malaria: preliminary results of two operational research studies inside Cambodian forests"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chea","family":"Nguon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophea","family":"Iv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srean","family":"Chhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dom","family":"Peov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phanith","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saorin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarun","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Debackere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimol","family":"Khim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Popovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreynet","family":"Srun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Vantaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Olivier","family":"Guintran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Piola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3572_CR1","volume-title":"Eliminating malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion: United to end a deadly disease","author":"WHO","year":"2016","unstructured":"WHO. 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It was renewed on 6 December 2019 under study number 306. The MSAT study was approved by the Cambodia National Ethics Committee for Health Research on 28 June 2019 with study number 148 (\u201cComparison of effectiveness of forest-based malaria control projects in large forests of Cambodia\u201d). The observation-intervention study enrolled goers aged 10 or older who provided informed consent (including parental consent and child assent for minors <\u200918 years old). The MSAT study enrolled forest goers of any age with appropriate informed consent. Parental consent was required for minors <\u200918 years old, as well as assent of the minor if at least 10 years old.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}