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Improved methods for identifying and monitoring foci of active malaria transmission are needed in areas of low parasite prevalence in order to achieve malaria elimination. Serological assays can provide population-level infection history to inform elimination campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A bead-based multiplex antibody detection assay was used to evaluate a chimeric <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> MSP1 protein (PvRMC-MSP1), designed to be broadly immunogenic for use in vaccine studies, to act as a pan-malaria serological tool based on its ability to capture IgG in plasma samples obtained from naturally exposed individuals. Samples from 236 US travellers with PCR confirmed infection status from all four major <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species infecting humans, <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u2009181)<jats:italic>, <\/jats:italic><jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u200938), <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u20094), and <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u200913) were tested for IgG capture using PvRMC-MSP1 as well as the four recombinant MSP1-19 kD isoforms representative of these <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Regardless of infecting <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species, a large proportion of plasma samples from infected US travellers provided a high assay signal to the PvRMC-MSP1 chimeric protein, with 115 high responders out of 236 samples assessed (48.7%). When grouped by active infection, 38.7% <jats:italic>P. falciparum-<\/jats:italic>, 92.1% of <jats:italic>P. vivax-<\/jats:italic>, 75.0% <jats:italic>P. malariae-<\/jats:italic>, and 53.4% of <jats:italic>P. ovale-<\/jats:italic>infected individuals displayed high assay signals in response to PvRMC-MSP1. It was also determined that plasma from <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals produced increased assay signals in response to the PvRMC-MSP1 chimera as compared to the recombinant PvMSP1 for 89.5% (34 out of 38) of individuals. PvRMC-MSP1 also showed improved ability to capture IgG antibodies from <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals when compared to the capture by recombinant PvMSP1, with high assay signals observed for 38.7% of <jats:italic>P. falciparum-<\/jats:italic>infected travellers in response to PvRMC-MSP1 IgG capture compared to just 1.1% who were high responders to capture by the recombinant PvMSP1 protein.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results support further study of designed antigens as an approach for increasing sensitivity or broadening binding capacity to improve existing serological tools for determining population-level exposure to <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species. Including both broad-reacting and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species-specific antigen-coated beads in an assay panel could provide a nuanced view of population-level exposure histories, an extensive IgG profile, and detailed seroestimates. A more sensitive serological tool for detection of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> exposure would aid malaria elimination campaigns in co-endemic areas and regions where <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> is the dominant parasite.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03626-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T20:35:32Z","timestamp":1613162132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Natural infections with different Plasmodium species induce antibodies reactive to a chimeric Plasmodium vivax recombinant protein"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"McCaffery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balwan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Nace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatachalam","family":"Udhayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-8304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Rogier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3626_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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Samples with or without PCR-confirmed malaria infection determined by the CDC Human Subjects office to be research that does not involve human subjects (2017\u2013192). No contact information nor access to personal identifiers were available to laboratory staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or Emory University.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"86"}}