{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:13:50Z","timestamp":1788869630326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID U19 AI 089696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID U19 AI 089696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID U19 AI 129387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID U19 AI 129387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Implementation and upscale of effective malaria vector control strategies necessitates understanding the multi-factorial aspects of transmission patterns. The primary aims of this study are to determine the vector composition, biting rates, trophic preference, and the overall importance of distinguishing outdoor\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      indoor malaria transmission through a study at two communities in rural Mali.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mosquito collection was carried out between July 2012 and June 2016 at two rural Mali communities (Dangassa and Ko\u00efla Bamanan) using pyrethrum spray-catch and human landing catch approaches at both indoor and outdoor locations. Species of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-Linked -Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to determine the origin of mosquito blood meals and presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      sporozoite infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 11,237\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu lato (\n                      <jats:italic>s.l<\/jats:italic>\n                      .) were collected during the study period (5239 and 5998 from the Dangassa and Ko\u00efla Bamanan sites, respectively). Of the 679 identified by PCR in Dangassa,\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the predominant species with 91.4% of the catch followed by\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (8.0%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.6%). At the same time in Ko\u00efla Bamanan, of the 623\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for 99% of the catch,\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.8% and\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.2%. Human Blood Index (HBI) measures were significantly higher in Dangassa (79.4%; 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) [77.4, 81.4]) than in Ko\u00efla Bamanan (15.9%; 95% BCI [14.7, 17.1]). The human biting rates were higher during the second half of the night at both sites. In Dangassa, the sporozoite rate was comparable between outdoor and indoor mosquito collections. For outdoor collections, the sporozoite positive rate was 3.6% (95% BCI [2.1\u20134.3]) and indoor collections were 3.1% (95% BCI [2.4\u20135.0]). In Ko\u00efla Bamanan, the sporozoite rate was higher indoors at 4.3% (95% BCI [2.7\u20136.3]) compared with outdoors at 2.4% (95% BCI [1.1\u20134.2]). In Dangassa, corrected entomological inoculation rates (cEIRs) using HBI were 13.74 [95% BCI 9.21\u201319.14] infective bites\/person\/month (ib\/p\/m) at indoor, and 18.66 [95% BCI 12.55\u201325.81] ib\/p\/m at outdoor. For Ko\u00efla Bamanan, cEIRs were 1.57 [95% BCI 2.34\u20132.72] ib\/p\/m and 0.94 [95% BCI 0.43\u20131.64] ib\/p\/m for indoor and outdoor, respectively. EIRs were significantly higher at the Dangassa site than the Ko\u00efla Bamanan site.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings in this work may indicate the occurrence of active, outdoor residual malaria transmission is comparable to indoor transmission in some geographic settings. The high outdoor transmission patterns observed here highlight the need for additional strategies to combat outdoor malaria transmission to complement traditional indoor preventive approaches such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) which typically focus on resting mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T07:02:43Z","timestamp":1614841363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in two ecological settings in rural Mali: implications for vector control"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Moussa","family":"Ke\u00efta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidy","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Sissoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamoudou","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sory Ibrahim","family":"Diawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drissa","family":"Konat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambi\u00e8l\u00e8 Bernard","family":"Sodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sekou F.","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Diakit\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou O.","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafomon","family":"Sogoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Krogstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey G.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou B.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02130","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02130","volume":"3","author":"P Bejon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bejon P, Williams TN, Nyundo C, Hay SI, Benz D, Gething PW, et al. A micro-epidemiological analysis of febrile malaria in Coastal Kenya showing hotspots within hotspots. Elife. 2014;3:e02130.","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"3650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12838.2","volume":"2","author":"SY Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang SY, Battle KE, Gibson HS, Cooper LV, Maxwell K, Kamya M, et al. Heterogeneous exposure and hotspots for malaria vectors at three study sites in Uganda. Gates Open Res. 2018;2:32.","journal-title":"Gates Open Res."},{"key":"3650_CR3","volume-title":"Guidelines for malaria vector control","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for malaria vector control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"3650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.377","volume":"52","author":"HW Choi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Choi HW, Breman JG, Teutsch SM, Liu S, Hightower AW, Sexton JD. The effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated bed nets in reducing cases of malaria infection: a meta-analysis of published results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;52:377\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105820","volume":"216","author":"M Keita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keita M, Sogoba N, Traore B, Kane F, Coulibaly B, Traore SF, et al. Performance of pirimiphos-methyl based indoor residual spraying on entomological parameters of malaria transmission in the pyrethroid resistance region of Koulikoro, Mali. Acta Trop. 2021;216:105820.","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"64","key":"3650_CR7","first-page":"8","volume":"17","author":"O Sy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sy O, Niang EHA, Ndiaye M, Konate L, Diallo A, Ba ECC, et al. Entomological impact of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl: a pilot study in an area of low malaria transmission in Senegal. Malar J. 2018;17(64):8.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR8","volume-title":"Towards malaria elimination: a leap forward","author":"E-T Piperaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piperaki E-T. Malaria eradication in the European World: historical perspective and imminent threats. In: Manguin S, Dev V, editors. Towards malaria elimination: a leap forward. London: IntechOpen; 2018."},{"key":"3650_CR9","first-page":"590","volume":"96","author":"O Ba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ba O, Ouldabdallahi M, Koita M, Sy O, Dahdi SA. Epidemiology of malaria and elimination prospects in Maghreb countries. Tunis Med. 2018;96:590\u20138.","journal-title":"Tunis Med."},{"key":"3650_CR10","first-page":"105","volume":"56","author":"R Molina","year":"1996","unstructured":"Molina R, Benito A, Blanca F, Roche J, Otunga B, Alvar J. The Anophelines of Equatorial Guinea. Ethology and susceptibility studies. Res Rev Parasitol. 1996;56:105\u201310.","journal-title":"Res Rev Parasitol."},{"key":"3650_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130439","volume":"50","author":"H Pates","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pates H, Curtis C. Mosquito behavior and vector control. Annu Rev Entomol. 2005;50:53\u201370.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"3650_CR12","first-page":"56","volume":"44","author":"IO Oyewole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oyewole IO, Awolola TS, Ibidapo CA, Oduola AO, Okwa OO, Obansa JA. Behaviour and population dynamics of the major anopheline vectors in a malaria endemic area in southern Nigeria. J Vector Borne Dis. 2007;44:56\u201364.","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"3650_CR13","unstructured":"Gillies MT, De Meillon B. The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian zoogeographical region), 2nd edn. Publ South Afr Inst Med Res. 1968:1-343."},{"key":"3650_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gillies MT, Coetzee M. A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara (Afrotropical region). Publ South Afr Inst Med Res. 1987;55:1\u2013143.","journal-title":"Publ South Afr Inst Med Res."},{"key":"3650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-72","volume":"5","author":"GG Padonou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Padonou GG, Sezonlin M, Osse R, Aizoun N, Oke-Agbo F, Oussou O, et al. Impact of three years of large scale indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:72.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3650_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1286-6","volume":"15","author":"JI Meyers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meyers JI, Pathikonda S, Popkin-Hall ZR, Medeiros MC, Fuseini G, Matias A, et al. Increasing outdoor host-seeking in Anopheles gambiae over 6\u00a0years of vector control on Bioko Island. Malar J. 2016;15:239.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-80","volume":"10","author":"TL Russell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Russell TL, Govella NJ, Azizi S, Drakeley CJ, Kachur SP, Killeen GF. Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J. 2011;10:80.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00739.x","volume":"10","author":"CN Mbogo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mbogo CN, Baya NM, Ofulla AV, Githure JI, Snow RW. The impact of permethrin-impregnated bednets on malaria vectors of the Kenyan coast. Med Vet Entomol. 1996;10:251\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"3650_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-101","volume":"5","author":"A Seyoum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seyoum A, Sikaala CH, Chanda J, Chinula D, Ntamatungiro AJ, Hawela M, et al. Human exposure to anopheline mosquitoes occurs primarily indoors, even for users of insecticide-treated nets in Luangwa Valley. South-east Zambia. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:101.","journal-title":"South-east Zambia. Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3650_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.06.001","volume":"30","author":"KM Lizzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lizzi KM, Qualls WA, Brown SC, Beier JC. Expanding integrated vector management to promote healthy environments. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"3650_CR21","volume-title":"Towards malaria elimination: a leap forward","author":"JC Beier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beier JC, Wilke AB, Benelli G. Newer approaches for malaria vector control and challenges of outdoor transmission. In: Manguin S, Dev V, editors. Towards malaria elimination: a leap forward. London: IntechOpen; 2018."},{"key":"3650_CR22","unstructured":"Castle S, Scott R, Mariko S. Malaria Prevention and Treatment for Children Under Five in Mali: Further Analysis of the 2012-13 Demographic and Health Survey. DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 93. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International. 2014."},{"key":"3650_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90406-9","volume":"89","author":"BG Knols","year":"1995","unstructured":"Knols BG, de Jong R, Takken W. Differential attractiveness of isolated humans to mosquitoes in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995;89:604\u20136.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8951","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008951","volume":"5","author":"FO Okumu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okumu FO, Killeen GF, Ogoma S, Biswaro L, Smallegange RC, Mbeyela E, et al. Development and field evaluation of a synthetic mosquito lure that is more attractive than humans. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e8951.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3650_CR25","unstructured":"WHO. Manual on practical entomology in malaria\/prepared by the WHO Division of Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995. http:\/\/www.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42481."},{"key":"3650_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00393.x","volume":"16","author":"C Fanello","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fanello C, Santolamazza F, della Torre A. Simultaneous identification of species and molecular forms of the Anopheles gambiae complex by PCR-RFLP. Med Vet Entomol. 2002;16:461\u20134.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"3650_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.1.9","volume":"25","author":"JC Beier","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beier JC, Perkins PV, Wirtz RA, Koros J, Diggs D, Gargan TP, et al. Bloodmeal identification by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tested on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya. J Med Entomol. 1988;25:9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"3650_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.459","volume":"36","author":"JC Beier","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beier JC, Perkins PV, Wirtz RA, Whitmire RE, Mugambi M, Hockmeyer WT. Field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite detection in anopheline mosquitoes from Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987;36:459\u201368.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"A Guindo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guindo A, Camara L, Dicko A, Traore SF, Coulibaly M, Coulibaly MB. Feeding behavior and insecticide resistance status of the Anopheles gambiae complex in prelude of indoors residual spraying in Baroueli, Mali. Int J Entomol Res. 2020;5:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Entomol Res."},{"key":"3650_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-62","volume":"9","author":"MN Bayoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bayoh MN, Mathias DK, Odiere MR, Mutuku FM, Kamau L, Gimnig JE, et al. Anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western Nyanza Province, Kenya. Malar J. 2010;9:62.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-13","volume":"12","author":"JM Mwangangi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mwangangi JM, Mbogo CM, Orindi BO, Muturi EJ, Midega JT, Nzovu J, et al. Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years. Malar J. 2013;12:13.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00731.x","volume":"10","author":"YT Toure","year":"1996","unstructured":"Toure YT, Traore SF, Sankare O, Sow MY, Coulibaly A, Esposito F, et al. Perennial transmission of malaria by the Anopheles gambiae complex in a north Sudan Savanna area of Mali. Med Vet Entomol. 1996;10:197\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"3650_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.10.014","volume":"89","author":"G Dolo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dolo G, Briet OJ, Dao A, Traore SF, Bouare M, Sogoba N, et al. Malaria transmission in relation to rice cultivation in the irrigated Sahel of Mali. Acta Trop. 2004;89:147\u201359.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"3650_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.82","volume":"77","author":"N Sogoba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sogoba N, Doumbia S, Vounatsou P, Baber I, Keita M, Maiga M, et al. Monitoring of larval habitats and mosquito densities in the Sudan savanna of Mali: implications for malaria vector control. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:82\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-014-0398-x","volume":"107","author":"M Keita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keita M, Baber I, Sogoba N, Maiga HM, Diallo M, Doumbia S, et al. Vectorial transmission of malaria in a village along the Niger River and its fishing hamlet (Kenieroba and Fourda, Mali) (in French). Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2014;107:356\u201368.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"3650_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.725","volume":"72","author":"MA Diuk-Wasser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diuk-Wasser MA, Toure MB, Dolo G, Bagayoko M, Sogoba N, Traore SF, et al. Vector abundance and malaria transmission in rice-growing villages in Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;72:725\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.869","volume":"76","author":"MA Diuk-Wasser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diuk-Wasser MA, Toure MB, Dolo G, Bagayoko M, Sogoba N, et al. Effect of rice cultivation patterns on malaria vector abundance in rice-growing villages in Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76:869\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2007.269","volume":"1","author":"N Sogoba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sogoba N, Vounatsou P, Bagayoko MM, Doumbia S, Dolo G, Gosoniu L, et al. The spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mali. Geospat Health. 2007;1:213\u201322.","journal-title":"Geospat Health."},{"key":"3650_CR39","first-page":"1163","volume":"55","author":"J Mouchet","year":"1962","unstructured":"Mouchet J. Influence des fleuves sur la biologie d\u2019Anopheles gambiae pendant la saison s\u00e8che dans le Sud-Cameroun. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1962;55:1163\u201371.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"3650_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63086-5","volume":"10","author":"AD Talom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Talom AD, Essoung MA, Gbankoto A, Tchigossou G, Akoton R, et al. A preliminary analysis on the effect of copper on Anopheles coluzzii insecticide resistance in vegetable farms in Benin. Sci Rep. 2020;10:6392.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"3650_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2507-y","volume":"17","author":"AS Salako","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salako AS, Ahogni I, Kpanou C, Sovi A, Azondekon R, Sominahouin AA, et al. Baseline entomologic data on malaria transmission in prelude to an indoor residual spraying intervention in the regions of Alibori and Donga, Northern Benin, West Africa. Malar J. 2018;17:392.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-2098-z","volume":"16","author":"T Degefa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Degefa T, Yewhalaw D, Zhou G, Lee MC, Atieli H, Githeko AK, et al. Indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western Kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. Malar J. 2017;16:443.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-253","volume":"5","author":"HJ Overgaard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Overgaard HJ, Reddy VP, Abaga S, Matias A, Reddy MR, Kulkarni V, et al. Malaria transmission after five years of vector control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:253.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3650_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-380","volume":"7","author":"MN Bayoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bayoh MN, Walker ED, Kosgei J, Ombok M, Olang GB, Githeko AK, et al. Persistently high estimates of late night, indoor exposure to malaria vectors despite high coverage of insecticide treated nets. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:380.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3650_CR45","first-page":"30","volume":"3","author":"AA Fredrick Kabbale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fredrick Kabbale AA, Kaddu J, Matovu E, Onapa A. Biting times of Plasmodium falciparum infected mosquitoes and transmission intensities following five years of insecticide-Treate bed nets use in Kamuli District, Uganda: implications for malaria control. Int J Mosq Res. 2016;3:30\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Mosq Res."},{"key":"3650_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.1009","volume":"76","author":"N Sogoba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sogoba N, Vounatsou P, Doumbia S, Bagayoko M, Toure MB, Sissoko IM, et al. Spatial analysis of malaria transmission parameters in the rice cultivation area of Office du Niger, Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76:1009\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3650_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1999063259","volume":"6","author":"L Konate","year":"1999","unstructured":"Konate L, Faye O, Gaye O, Sy N, Diop A, Diouf M, et al. Zoophagia and alternative host selection of the marlaia vectors in Senegal. Parasite. 1999;6:259\u201367.","journal-title":"Parasite."},{"key":"3650_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0124","volume":"81","author":"T Lefevre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lefevre T, Gouagna LC, Dabire KR, Elguero E, Fontenille D, Renaud F, et al. Beyond nature and nurture: phenotypic plasticity in blood-feeding behavior of Anopheles gambiae s.s. when humans are not readily accessible. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81:1023\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3650_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-184","volume":"10","author":"MR Reddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reddy MR, Overgaard HJ, Abaga S, Reddy VP, Caccone A, Kiszewski AE, et al. Outdoor host seeking behaviour of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes following initiation of malaria vector control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Malar J. 2011;10:184.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3650_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-329","volume":"12","author":"L Durnez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Durnez L, Mao S, Denis L, Roelants P, Sochantha T, Coosemans M. Outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of Cambodia. Malar J. 2013;12:329.","journal-title":"Malar J."}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T08:10:39Z","timestamp":1614845439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03650-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-72314\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-72314\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"127"}}