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It is crucial to assess the ADR status in African <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> isolates from imported malaria cases, as this will provide valuable information for rational medication and malaria control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During 2017\u20132019, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Wuhan, China. Peripheral blood 3\u00a0ml of returned migrant workers from Africa was collected. The target fragments from <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>k13 propeller<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>pfk13<\/jats:italic>) genes were amplified, sequenced, and analysed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 106 samples were collected. Subsequently, 98.11% (104\/106), 100% (106\/106), and 86.79% (92\/106) of these samples were successfully amplified and sequenced for the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> (72\u201376), <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>pfk13<\/jats:italic> genes, respectively. The prevalence of the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> 76<jats:bold>\u00a0T<\/jats:bold>, <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> 86<jats:bold>Y<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> 184<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold> mutations was 9.62, 4.72, and 47.17%, respectively. At codons 72\u201376, the <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> locus displayed three haplotypes, CVMNK (wild-type), CV<jats:bold>IET<\/jats:bold> (mutation type), CV M\/<jats:bold>I<\/jats:bold> N\/<jats:bold>E<\/jats:bold> K\/<jats:bold>T<\/jats:bold> (mixed type), with 87.50%, 9.62%, and 2.88% prevalence, respectively. For the <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene, NY (wild type), N<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>YF<\/jats:bold> (mutant type), N Y\/<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold>, Y Y\/<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold>, and N\/<jats:bold>Y<\/jats:bold> Y\/<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold> (mixed type) accounted for 34.91, 43.40, 3.77, 15.09, 0.94, and 1.89% of the haplotypes, respectively. A total of 83 isolates with six unique haplotypes were found in <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> combined haplotypes, of which NY-CVMNK and N<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold>-CVMNK accounted for 40.96% (34\/83) and 43.37% (36\/83), respectively. Furthermore, 90 cases were successfully sequenced (84.91%, 90\/106) at loci 93, 97, 101, and 145, and 78 cases were successfully sequenced (73.58%, 78\/106) at loci 343, 353, and 356 for <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>. However, the mutation was observed only in locus 356 with 6.41%. For <jats:italic>pfk13<\/jats:italic>, mutations reported in Southeast Asia (at loci 474, 476, 493, 508, 527, 533, 537, 539, 543, 553, 568, 574, 578, and 580) and Africa (at loci 550, 561, 575, 579, and 589) were not observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present data from <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> demonstrate that anti-malarial drugs including chloroquine, amodiaquine, and mefloquine, remain effective against malaria treatment in Africa. The new mutations in <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> related to piperaquine resistance remain at relatively low levels. Another source of concern is the artemether-lumefantrine resistance-related profiles of N86 and 184<jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold> of <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>. Although no mutation in <jats:italic>pfk13<\/jats:italic> is detected, molecular surveillance must continue.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03737-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T12:09:32Z","timestamp":1620043772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial resistance pfcrt, pfmdr1, and pfk13 polymorphisms in African Plasmodium falciparum imported parasites to Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Weijia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3737_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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