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Recent advances in the cultivation of\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      erythrocytic-stage parasites in vitro, transformation with exogenous DNA, and infection of mosquitoes with gametocytes from culture have opened up studies of this pathogen without the need for resource-intensive and costly non-human primate (NHP) models. For further understanding and development of methods for parasite transformation in malaria research, this study examined the activity of various trans-species transcriptional control sequences and the influence of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      centromeric (\n                      <jats:italic>pvcen<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) repeats in plasmid-transfected\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In vitro cultivated\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites were transfected with plasmid constructs that incorporated\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      5\u2032 UTRs driving the expression of bioluminescence markers (firefly luciferase or Nanoluc). Promoter activities were assessed by bioluminescence, and parasites transformed with human resistant allele dihydrofolate reductase-expressing plasmids were selected using antifolates. The stability of transformants carrying\n                      <jats:italic>pvcen-<\/jats:italic>\n                      stabilized episomes was assessed by bioluminescence over a complete parasite life cycle through a rhesus macaque monkey, mosquitoes, and a second rhesus monkey.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Luciferase expression assessments show that certain\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoter regions, not functional in the more evolutionarily-distant\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , can drive transgene expression in\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Further,\n                      <jats:italic>pvcen<\/jats:italic>\n                      repeats may improve the stability of episomal plasmids in\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and support detection of NanoLuc-expressing elements over the full parasite life cycle from rhesus macaque monkeys to\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles dirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes and back again to monkeys. In assays of drug responses to chloroquine, G418 and WR9910, anti-malarial half-inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values of blood stages measured by NanoLuc activity proved comparable to IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values measured by the standard SYBR Green method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All three\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoters tested in this study functioned in\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi,<\/jats:italic>\n                      whereas two of the three were inactive in\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . NanoLuc-expressing, centromere-stabilized plasmids may support high-throughput screenings of\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      for new anti-malarial agents, including compounds that can block the development of mosquito- and\/or liver-stage parasites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03773-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1622894586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Activity of Plasmodium vivax promoter elements in Plasmodium knowlesi, and a centromere-containing plasmid that expresses NanoLuc throughout the parasite life cycle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto R.","family":"Moraes Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kittisak","family":"Thawnashom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Armistead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramoncito L.","family":"Caleon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney A.","family":"Kite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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