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Several studies have previously aimed to correlate the effects of <jats:italic>Ascaris-Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> coinfections but have obtained contradictory and inconclusive results. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate parasitological and immunopathological aspects of the lung during murine experimental concomitant coinfection by <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic> during larvae ascariasis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>C57BL\/6J mice were inoculated with 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic> strain NK65-NY-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) intraperitoneally and\/or 2500 embryonated eggs of <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> by oral gavage. <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic> parasitaemia, morbidity and the survival rate were assessed. On the seventh day postinfection (dpi), <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> lung burden analysis; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); histopathology; NAG, MPO and EPO activity measurements; haematological analysis; and respiratory mechanics analysis were performed. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-12\/IL-23p40, IL-6, IL-4, IL-33, IL-13, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-\u03b3, TNF and TGF-\u03b2 were assayed by sandwich ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Animals coinfected with <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> show decreased production of type 1, 2, and 17 and regulatory cytokines; low leukocyte recruitment in the tissue; increased cellularity in the circulation; and low levels of NAG, MPO and EPO activity that lead to an increase in larvae migration, as shown by the decrease in larvae recovered in the lung parenchyma and increase in larvae recovered in the airway. This situation leads to severe airway haemorrhage and, consequently, an impairment respiratory function that leads to high morbidity and early mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study demonstrates that the <jats:italic>Ascaris-Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> interaction is harmful to the host and suggests that this coinfection may potentiate <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>-associated pathology by dampening the <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>-specific immune response, resulting in the early death of affected animals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03824-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T17:04:02Z","timestamp":1625159042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Concomitant experimental coinfection by Plasmodium berghei NK65-NY and Ascaris suum downregulates the Ascaris-specific immune response and potentiates Ascaris-associated lung pathology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Flaviane","family":"Vieira-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Leal-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"de Lima Silva Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina Loiola","family":"Ruas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Silva","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Marcus Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Vidigal","family":"Caliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remo Castro","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Toshio","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian Lacerda","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","volume":"367","author":"J Bethony","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, et al. 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