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Understanding the genetic polymorphism like block 2 region of<jats:italic>merozoite surface protein-1<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>msp-1<\/jats:italic>) gene of<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>enlighten mechanisms underlining disease pathology, identification of the parasite clone profile from the isolates, transmission intensity and potential deficiencies of the ongoing malaria control and elimination efforts in the locality. Detailed understanding of local genetic polymorphism is an input to pave the way for better management, control and elimination of malaria. The aim of this study was to detect the most frequent allelic variant of the<jats:italic>msp-1<\/jats:italic>gene of<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>clinical isolates from selected health facilities in Adama town and its surroundings, Oromia, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred thirty-nine clinical isolates were successfully amplified for<jats:italic>msp-1<\/jats:italic>gene using specific primers. Nested PCR amplification was conducted targeting K1, MAD20, and R033 alleles followed by gel electrophoresis for fragment analysis. Based on the detection of a PCR fragment, infections were classified as monoclonal or multiple infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>19 different size polymorphism of<jats:italic>msp-1<\/jats:italic>gene were identified in the study, with 67(48%) MAD20, 18 (13%) K-1 and 18 (13%) RO33 allelic family. Whereas, the multiple infections were 21(15%), 8 (5.8%), 4(2.9%), 3(2.2%) for MAD20\u2009+\u2009K-1, MAD20\u2009+\u2009RO33, K-1\u2009+\u2009RO33, and MAD20\u2009+\u2009K-1, RO33, respectively. The overall Multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 1.3 and the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.39 indicating slightly low falciparum malaria transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The status of<jats:italic>msp-1<\/jats:italic>allele size polymorphism, MOI and<jats:italic>He<\/jats:italic>observed in the study revealed the presence of slightly low genetic diversity of<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>clinical isolates. However, highly frequent MAD20 allelic variant was detected from clinical isolates in the study area. Moreover, the driving force that led to high predominance of MAD20 allelic variant revealed in such malaria declining region demands further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03914-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T21:24:42Z","timestamp":1632777882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of high frequency of MAD20 allelic variants of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 gene from Adama and its surroundings, Oromia, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temesgen","family":"File","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Chekol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezahegn","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunduma","family":"Dinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemu","family":"Golassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3914_CR1","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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