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To address this gap, the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquito species diversity, the members of the <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> complex and the transmission of malaria were assessed in four health districts along the borders of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From July 2016 through December 2016 and July 2017 through December 2017, adult <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes were collected in four health districts of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (Aboisso, Blol\u00e9quin, Odienn\u00e9 and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically at species level and the members of the <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> complex were separated using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>SINE-PCR). <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae <\/jats:italic>sensu lato<jats:italic> (s.l.)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus s.l.<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anopheles nili<\/jats:italic> specimens were analysed for malaria <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> parasite detection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 281 female <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> were collected in Aboisso, 754 in Blol\u00e9quin, 1319 in Odienn\u00e9 and 2443 in Ouangolodougou. Seven <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species were recorded including <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic> (94.8\u201399.1%) as the main vector, followed by <jats:italic>An. funestus s.l.<\/jats:italic> (0.4\u20134.3%) and <jats:italic>An. nili<\/jats:italic> (0\u20130.7%). Among <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l<\/jats:italic>., <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic> represented the predominant species in Aboisso (89.2%) and Blol\u00e9quin (92.2%), while <jats:italic>An. gambiae <\/jats:italic>sensu stricto (<jats:italic>s.s<\/jats:italic>.) was the major species in Odienn\u00e9 (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). The <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infection rate in <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic> was highest in Odienn\u00e9 (11.0%; n\u2009=\u2009100) followed by Blol\u00e9quin (7.8%, n\u2009=\u2009115), Aboisso (3.1%; n\u2009=\u200965) and Ouangologoudou (2.5%; n\u2009=\u2009120). In <jats:italic>An. funestus s.l<\/jats:italic>., <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n\u2009=\u200932) in Blol\u00e9quin, 8.7% (n\u2009=\u200923) in Odienn\u00e9. No <jats:italic>An. funestus s.l.<\/jats:italic> specimens were found infected with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. No <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite was detected in <jats:italic>An. nili<\/jats:italic> specimens in the four health districts. Among the local human populations, malaria incidence was higher in Odienn\u00e9 (39.7%; n\u2009=\u200945,376) and Blol\u00e9quin (37.6%; n\u2009=\u2009150,205) compared to that in Ouangolodougou (18.3%; n\u2009=\u2009131,629) and Aboisso (19.7%; n\u2009=\u2009364,585).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> vector species diversity, abundance and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infection were high within the health districts along the borders of the country of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, resulting in high malaria transmission among the local populations. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae s.l<\/jats:italic>. and <jats:italic>An. funestus s.l.<\/jats:italic> were found to be highly infected with <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> in the health districts of Blol\u00e9quin and Odienn\u00e9 where higher malaria incidence was observed than the other districts. This study provides important information that can be used to guide C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire National Malaria Control Programme for vector control decision-making, mainly in districts that are at the country borders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03938-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T23:02:29Z","timestamp":1634598149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Assessing Anopheles vector species diversity and transmission of malaria in four health districts along the borders of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6247-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firmain N.","family":"Yokoly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien B. 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This study also received an approval from the health authorities of each district. In each study area, permission to work was granted by the community leaders or chiefs of villages. Community members and house owners get clear information on objectives, procedures, potential risks of harm and benefits related to the study and then oral informed consent and permission to conduct activities was provided. Participation in mosquito collection was strictly based on volunteering and all collectors were trained on the specific mosquito collection methods prior to initiation of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"409"}}