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Other<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>species often go undiagnosed but may still have clinical consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, five cases of<jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>infections from Eastern Uganda (aged 2\u201339\u00a0years) are presented. These infections were all initially mistaken for<jats:italic>P. falciparum,<\/jats:italic>but<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>schizonts (up to 2080\/\u00b5L) were identified by microscopy. Clinical signs included history of fever and mild anaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of considering non-falciparum species as the cause of clinical malaria. In areas of intense<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>transmission, where rapid diagnostic tests that detect only<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>antigens are commonly used, non-falciparum malaria cases may be missed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03962-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T11:02:59Z","timestamp":1635505379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Plasmodium malariae infections as a cause of febrile disease in an area of high Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in Eastern Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakar","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Omara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Andolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Staedke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2666-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teun","family":"Bousema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3962_CR1","volume-title":"World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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