{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:44:27Z","timestamp":1781163867724,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004167","name":"Medicines for Malaria Venture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013103","name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria-associated anaemia, arising from symptomatic, asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections, is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Induced blood stage malaria volunteer infection studies (IBSM-VIS) provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the haematological response to early <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was an analysis of the haemoglobin, red cell counts, and parasitaemia data from 315 participants enrolled in IBSM-VIS between 2012 and 2019, including 269 participants inoculated with the 3D7 strain of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> (Pf3D7), 15 with an artemisinin-resistant <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> strain (PfK13) and 46 with <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>. Factors associated with the fractional fall in haemoglobin (Hb-FF) were evaluated, and the malaria-attributable erythrocyte loss after accounting for phlebotomy-related losses was estimated. The relative contribution of parasitized erythrocytes to the malaria-attributable erythrocyte loss was also estimated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median peak parasitaemia prior to treatment was 10,277 parasites\/ml (IQR 3566\u201327,815), 71,427 parasites\/ml [IQR 33,236\u2013180,213], and 34,840 parasites\/ml (IQR 13,302\u201377,064) in participants inoculated with Pf3D7, PfK13, and <jats:italic>P. vivax,<\/jats:italic> respectively. The median Hb-FF was 10.3% (IQR 7.8\u201313.3), 14.8% (IQR 11.8\u201315.9) and 11.7% (IQR 8.9\u201314.5) in those inoculated with Pf3D7, PfK13 and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, respectively, with the haemoglobin nadir occurring a median 12 (IQR 5\u201321), 15 (IQR 7\u201322), and 8 (IQR 7\u201315) days following inoculation. In participants inoculated with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, recrudescence was associated with a greater Hb-FF, while in those with <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, the Hb-FF was associated with a higher pre-treatment parasitaemia and later day of anti-malarial treatment. After accounting for phlebotomy-related blood losses, the estimated Hb-FF was 4.1% (IQR 3.1\u20135.3), 7.2% (IQR 5.8\u20137.8), and 4.9% (IQR 3.7\u20136.1) in participants inoculated with Pf3D7, PfK13, and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Parasitized erythrocytes were estimated to account for 0.015% (IQR 0.006\u20130.06), 0.128% (IQR 0.068\u20130.616) and 0.022% (IQR 0.008\u20130.082) of the malaria-attributable erythrocyte loss in participants inoculated with Pf3D7, PfK13, and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early experimental <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> infection resulted in a small but significant fall in haemoglobin despite parasitaemia only just at the level of microscopic detection. Loss of parasitized erythrocytes accounted for\u2009&lt;\u20090.2% of the total malaria-attributable haemoglobin loss.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-04003-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T08:04:56Z","timestamp":1639987496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Haematological response in experimental human Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Woolley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Marquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Chalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg J.","family":"Moehrle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget E.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4003_CR1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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