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This study identified the different <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species in malaria-positive patients, and the anti-malarial drug resistance profile for <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> using DBS samples collected from patients attending Kisoro Hospital in Kisoro district, Southwestern Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The blood samples were prospectively collected from patients diagnosed with malaria to make DBS, which were then used to extract DNA for real-time PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species were identified by comparing the control and test samples using HRM-PCR derivative curves. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter (<jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic> to screen the samples for anti-malarial resistance markers. The HRM-PCR derivative curve was used to present a summary distribution of the different <jats:italic>Plasmodium species<\/jats:italic> as well as the anti-malarial drug profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 152 participants sampled, 98 (64.5%) were females. The average age of the participants was 34.9\u00a0years (range: 2\u00a0months\u201381\u00a0years). There were 134 samples that showed PCR amplification, confirming the species as <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (N\u2009=\u2009122), <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> (N\u2009=\u20096), <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> (N\u2009=\u20094), and <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> (N\u2009=\u20092) were the various <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species and their proportions. The results showed that 87 (71.3%) of the samples were sensitive strains\/wild type (CVMNK), 4 (3.3%) were resistant haplotypes (SVMNT), and 31 (25.4%) were resistant haplotypes (CVIET). Kelch13 C580Y mutation was not detected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The community served by Kisoro hospital has a high <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species burden, according to this study. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> was the dominant species, and it has shown that resistance to chloroquine is decreasing in the region. Based on this, molecular identification of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species is critical for better clinical management. Besides, DBS is an appropriate medium for DNA preservation and storage for future epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-04023-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1642251747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular identification and anti-malarial drug resistance profile of Plasmodium falciparum from patients attending Kisoro Hospital, southwestern Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Manirakiza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Kassaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan Mugisha","family":"Taremwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bazira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Byarugaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4023_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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