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One hypothesis for this lack of impact is that some vectors in the area may forage in the early evening or outdoors. <jats:italic>Anopheles gibbinsi<\/jats:italic> specimens were identified in early evening mosquito collections performed in this study area, and further insight was gleaned into this taxon, including characterizing its genetic identity, feeding preferences, and potential role as a malaria vector.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mosquitoes were collected in July and August 2019 by CDC light traps in Nchelenge District in indoor sitting rooms, outdoor gathering spaces, and animal pens from 16:00\u201322:00. Host detection by PCR, COI and ITS2 PCR, and circumsporozoite (CSP) ELISA were performed on all samples morphologically identified as <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi,<\/jats:italic> and a subset of specimens were selected for COI and ITS2 sequencing. To determine risk factors for increased abundance of <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi,<\/jats:italic> a negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was performed with household-level variables of interest.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comparison of COI and ITS2 <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi<\/jats:italic> reference sequences to the NCBI database revealed\u2009&gt;\u200999% identity to \u201c<jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> sp. 6\u201d from Kenya. More than 97% of specimens were morphologically and molecularly consistent with <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi<\/jats:italic>. Specimens were primarily collected in animal pen traps (59.2%), followed by traps outdoors near where humans gather (24.3%), and traps set indoors (16.5%). Host DNA detection revealed a high propensity for goats, but 5% of specimens with detected host DNA had fed on humans. No specimens were positive for <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoites. Animal pens and inland households\u2009&gt;\u20093\u00a0km from Lake Mweru were both associated with increased <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi<\/jats:italic> abundance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report of <jats:italic>An. gibbinsi<\/jats:italic> in Nchelenge District, Zambia. This study provided a species identity for unknown \u201c<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>sp. 6<\/jats:italic>\u201d in the NCBI database<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> which has been implicated in malaria transmission in Kenya. Composite data suggest that this species is largely zoophilic and exophilic, but comes into contact with humans and the malaria parasites they carry. This species should continue to be monitored in Zambia and neighbouring countries as a potential malaria vector.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04231-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T03:16:41Z","timestamp":1656818201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Expanded geographic distribution and host preference of Anopheles gibbinsi (Anopheles species 6) in northern Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Gebhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Krizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizette L.","family":"Koekemoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Dahan-Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mbewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Sichivula","family":"Lupiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbanga","family":"Muleba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4231_CR1","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"WHO. 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