{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1781350115155,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai","award":["No. GWV-10.1-XK13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GWV-10.1-XK13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The goal of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Shanghai specifically during the epidemic period of novel corona-virus pneumonia (COVID-19), to provide a reference for preventing the transmission of imported malaria after this disease had been previously eliminated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The data of malaria cases reported in Shanghai from 2020 to 2021 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) and the Information System for Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (ISPDCP). The characteristics of demographic and epidemiological distribution, travel-related information, diagnosis information, regions of infection acquisition and disposal information of epidemic situation were analysed with descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 112 cases of malaria were reported in Shanghai from January 2020 to December 2021. There were 18 cases and 94 cases in 2020 and 2021, respectively, reaching the lowest and highest levels in the past 10 years. The incidence of malaria associated with seasons had an increasing trend (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200981.143, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These cases included <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (97, 86.61%), <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> (4, 3.57%), <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> (8, 7.14%) and <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> (3, 2.68%). The median age of patients with malaria was 38.0 years, the majority of these individuals were males (109, 97.32%), and most of them were labour personnel (93, 83.04%). Of the reported cases, 8 of these individuals (7.14%) reported experiencing malaria symptoms before their arrival in China after their stay overseas; 97 of these individuals (86.61%) reported experiencing symptoms within 14 days after their initial arrival from overseas; 15 of these individuals (13.39%) were diagnosed with \u2018severe malaria\u2019; and 4 of these individuals (3.57%) were also diagnosed with COVID-19. All cases were imported from Africa, and there were no indigenous cases and deaths.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Due to the impact of COVID-19, the number of imported malaria cases in Shanghai had greatly increased; however, prevention and control measures for imported malaria could be implemented to prevent re-transmission of this condition. Considering that the number of individuals returning from overseas labour is likely to increase in the next few years, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of imported malaria and to review the protocol for potential epidemic situations. Together, these measures could support the maintation of free-malaria status\u00a0in Shanghai.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04273-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T14:03:58Z","timestamp":1661436238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Shanghai during a COVID-19 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4273_CR1","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases control and research in China","author":"LH Tang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tang LH, Xu LQ, Chen YD. Parasitic diseases control and research in China. Beijing: Science and Technology Press; 2012 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"4273_CR2","first-page":"484\u2013488","volume-title":"Data compilation of malaria elimination in Shanghai","author":"L Cai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cai L, Zhu M, Wu HY. Data compilation of malaria elimination in Shanghai. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Popularization press; 2019. p. 484-488-651\u201368 in Chinese."},{"key":"4273_CR3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Action Plan of China Malaria Elimination (2010\u20132020) (in Chinese).\u00a0http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/jkj\/s5873\/201005\/f84f1c4b0f32420990d23b65a88e2d87.shtml"},{"key":"4273_CR4","first-page":"297","volume":"18","author":"M Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu M, Cai L, Wu HY, Wang ZY, Zhang YG, Jiang L, et al. Mid-term assessment report of malaria elimination action plan in Shanghai. 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Epidemiological characteristic of malaria and the progress towards its elimination in China in 2018. Chin J Parasit Dis. 2019;37:241\u20137 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4273_CR8","first-page":"133","volume":"38","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Feng J, Xia ZG, Zhou SS. Epidemiological characteristic of malaria and the progress on its elimination in China in 2019. Chin J Parasit Dis. 2020;38:133\u20138 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4273_CR9","first-page":"55","volume":"37","author":"M Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu M, Cai L, Zhang CG, Zhang YG, Wang ZY. Epidemiological analysis of malaria cases reported in Shanghai from 2010 to 2017. Chin J Parasit Dis. 2019;37:55\u201360 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4273_CR10","first-page":"55","volume":"21","author":"M Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu M, Wu HY, Zhang CG, Zhang YG, Wang ZY, Ma XJ. 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This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the National Malaria Elimination Action Plan.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"245"}}