{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:51:18Z","timestamp":1791492678250,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"government of Odisha","award":["CSS2017-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSS2017-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency are inherited disorders found mostly in malaria-endemic areas among different tribal groups of India. However, epidemiological data specific to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), important for planning and implementing malaria\u00a0programmes, is limited. Therefore, the present community-based study aimed to assess the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency among the 13 PVTGs found in the state of Odisha, reporting the maximum malaria cases in the country.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 in 12 districts, home to all 13 PVTGs, in an estimated sample size of 1461, selected two-stage sampling method. Detection of haemoglobinopathies was done by the variant analyser. Screening of G6PD deficiency was carried out using DPIP method followed by quantification using spectrophotometry. The PCR\u2013RFLP technology was used to determine variant of G6PD deficiency and haplotype analysis of sickle cell, while ARMS-PCR and GAP-PCR was used for detecting the mutation pattern in \u03b2-thalassaemia and \u03b1-thalassaemia respectively. The diagnosis of malaria was done by Pf-PAN RDT as point of care, followed by nPCR for confirmation and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species identification.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of sickle cell heterozygotes (AS) was 3.4%, sickle cell homozygous (SS) 0.1%, \u03b2-thalassaemia heterozygotes 0.3%, HbS\/\u03b2-thalassaemia compound heterozygote 0.07%, HbS-\u03b1-thalassaemia 2.1%, G6PD deficiency 3.2% and malaria 8.1%. Molecular characterization of \u03b2<jats:sup>S<\/jats:sup> revealed the presence of Arab-Indian haplotype in all HbS cases and IVS 1\u20135 G\u2009\u2192\u2009C mutation in all \u03b2-thalassaemia cases. In case of \u03b1-thal, \u03b1\u03b1\/\u03b1-3.7 gene deletion was most frequent (38%), followed by \u03b1\u03b1\/\u03b1-4.2 (18%) and \u03b1-3.7\/\u03b1-3.7 (4%). The frequency of G6PD Orissa (131C\u2009\u2192\u2009G) mutation was found to be 97.9% and G6PD Mediterranean (563C\u2009\u2192\u2009T) 2.1%. Around 57.4% of G6PD deficient individuals and 16% of the AS were found to be malaria positive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study reveals wide spread prevalence of sickle cell anaemia, \u03b1-thalassaemia, G6PD deficiency and malaria in the studied population. Moderate to high prevalence of G6PD deficiency and malaria warrants G6PD testing before treating with primaquine (PQ) for radical cure of <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>. Screening and counselling for HbS is required for the PVTGs of Odisha.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1668603912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A community based study on haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency among particularly vulnerable tribal groups in hard-to-reach malaria endemic areas of Odisha, India: implications on malaria control"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sujata","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arundhuti","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakanta","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant K.","family":"Khuntia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhil B.","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghamitra","family":"Pati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusmita","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Ranjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123991","volume":"10","author":"M Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin M, Yang LY, Xie DD, Chen JT, Nguba SM, Ehapo CS, et al. G6PD deficiency and hemoglobinopathies: molecular epidemiological characteristics and healthy effects on malaria endemic Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0123991.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4358_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2011.600491","volume":"36","author":"TS Millimono","year":"2012","unstructured":"Millimono TS, Loua KM, Rath SL, Relvas L, Bento C, Diakite M, et al. High prevalence of hemoglobin disorders and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the Republic of Guinea (West Africa). Hemoglobin. 2012;36:25.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"4358_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_154_18","volume":"11","author":"IM Okafor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okafor IM, Okoroiwu HU, Ekechi CA. Hemoglobin S and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency coinheritance in AS and SS individuals in malaria-endemic region: a study in Calabar, Nigeria. J Global Infect Dis. 2019;11:118\u201322.","journal-title":"J Global Infect Dis"},{"key":"4358_CR4","first-page":"505","volume":"141","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghosh K, Colah RB, Mukherjee MB. Haemoglobinopathies in tribal populations of India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:505.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"4358_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0018","volume":"103","author":"P Kumari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumari P, Sinha S, Gahtori R, Yadav CP, Pradhan MM, Rahi M, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia in Odisha, India: a challenge to malaria elimination. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:1510.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4358_CR6","first-page":"509","volume":"141","author":"RB Colah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colah RB, Mukherjee MB, Martin S, Ghosh K. Sickle cell disease in tribal populations in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:509.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"4358_CR7","first-page":"231","volume":"140","author":"MG Deo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deo MG, Pawar PV. Alpha thalassemia in tribal communities of coastal Maharashtra, India. Indian J Med Res. 2014;140:231.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"4358_CR8","first-page":"516","volume":"141","author":"MB Mukherjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mukherjee MB, Colah RB, Martin S, Ghosh K. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among tribal populations of India\u2014Country scenario. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:516.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res."},{"key":"4358_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193046","volume":"13","author":"N Siwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siwal N, Singh US, Dash M, Kar S, Rani S, Rawal C, et al. Malaria diagnosis by PCR revealed differential distribution of mono and mixed species infections by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in India. PLoS ONE. 2018;13: e0193046.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"4358_CR10","unstructured":"Directorate of national vector borne diseases control programme. Directorate General of health services, Ministry of Health and Family Walfare, Government of India. 2022. https:\/\/nvbdcp.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/l892s\/National-framework-for-malaria-elimination-in-India-2016%E2%80%932030.pdf. Accessed 02 Aug 2022."},{"key":"4358_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1314981","volume":"371","author":"EA Ashley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, Amaratunga C, Lim P, Suon S, et al. Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:411.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4358_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030235","volume":"3","author":"G Pasvol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pasvol G. Does alpha+-thalassaemia protect against malaria? PLoS Med. 2006;3: e235.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"4358_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003327","volume":"9","author":"SM Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor SM, Cerami C, Fairhurst RM. Hemoglobinopathies: slicing the Gordian knot of Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis. PLOS Pathog. 2013;9: e1003327.","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"4358_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-270","volume":"13","author":"B Maiga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maiga B, Dolo A, Campino S, Sepulveda N, Corran P, Rockett KA, et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase polymorphisms and susceptibility to mild malaria in Dogon and Fulani, Mali. Malar J. 2014;13:270.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4358_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03212-w","volume":"19","author":"RO Mwaiswelo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mwaiswelo RO, Mawala W, Iversen PO, de Montalembert M, Luzzatto L, Makani J. Sickle cell disease and malaria: decreased exposure and asplenia can modulate the risk from Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J. 2020;19:165.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4358_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238323","volume":"15","author":"M Bal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bal M, Das A, Ghosal J, Pradhan MM, Khuntia HK, Pati S, et al. Assessment of effectiveness of DAMaN: a malaria intervention program initiated by Government of Odisha, India. PLoS One. 2020;15: e0238323.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4358_CR17","first-page":"443","volume":"92","author":"GP Chhotray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chhotray GP, Ranjit MR. Prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in a malaria endemic tribal area of Orissa (India). Indian J Med Res. 1990;92:443.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"4358_CR18","first-page":"1335","volume":"57","author":"JS Kaeda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaeda JS, Chhotray GP, Ranjit MR, Bautista JM, Reddy PH, Stevens D, et al. A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant, G6PD Orissa (44 Ala\u2192Gly), is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;57:1335.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"4358_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1081\/HEM-120034244","volume":"28","author":"GP Chhotray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chhotray GP, Dash BP, Ranjit M. Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in Orissa, India. Hemoglobin. 2004;28:117.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"4358_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460801961289","volume":"35","author":"SS Nishank","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nishank SS, Chhotray GP, Kar SK, Ranjit MR. Molecular variants of G6PD deficiency among certain tribal communities of Orissa, India. Ann Hum Biol. 2008;35:355\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"4358_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-04010-8","volume":"20","author":"M Bal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bal M, Rana R, Das A, Khuntia HK, Somalkar N, Sahoo N, et al. Neglected malaria parasites in hard-to-reach areas of Odisha, India: implications in elimination programme. Malar J. 2021;20:482.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4358_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2079_18","volume":"149","author":"JP Narain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narain JP. Health of tribal populations in India: How long can we afford to neglect? Indian J Med Res. 2019;149:313.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"4358_CR23","volume-title":"Based diagnosis of the hemoglobin disorders","author":"JMDNA Old","year":"2001","unstructured":"Old JMDNA. Based diagnosis of the hemoglobin disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001."},{"key":"4358_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-141.2003.04704.x","volume":"123","author":"A Tan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tan A, Quah T, Low P, Chang S. A rapid and reliable 7 deletion multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for \u03b1 thalassemia-1 deletion in Indian Population. Brit J Haematol. 2003;123:942.","journal-title":"Brit J Haematol"},{"key":"4358_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04423.x","volume":"78","author":"NY Varawalla","year":"1991","unstructured":"Varawalla NY, Old JM, Sarkar R, Venkatesan R, Weatherall DJ. The spectrum of beta-thalassemia mutation on the Indian subcontinent: the basis of prenatal diagnosis. Brit J Haematol. 1991;78:242\u20137.","journal-title":"Brit J Haematol"},{"key":"4358_CR26","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Practical haematology","author":"JV Dacie","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dacie JV, Lewis SM. Practical haematology. 7th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1991. p. 224\u20136.","edition":"7"},{"key":"4358_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90077-B","volume":"61","author":"G Snounou","year":"1993","unstructured":"Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Zhu XP, Jarra W, Pinheiro L, do Rosario VE, et al. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993;61:315\u201320.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol."},{"key":"4358_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2307\/2532296","volume":"48","author":"SW Guo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guo SW, Thompson AE. Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics. 1992;48:361\u2013437.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"4358_CR29","unstructured":"Office of Registrar General and Census Commissioner India. CensusInfo. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/2011census\/HLO\/HH14.html. Accessed 2 Jan 2022."},{"key":"4358_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4755.404","volume":"1","author":"H Lehman","year":"1952","unstructured":"Lehman H, Cutbush M. Sickle cell trait in southern India. Br Med J. 1952;1:404\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"4358_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02724015","volume":"72","author":"SA Sarnaik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarnaik SA. Thalassaemia and related haemoglobinopathies. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:319\u201324.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"4358_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_57_17","volume":"10","author":"S Warghade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Warghade S, Britto J, Haryan R, Dalvi T, Bendre R, Chheda P, et al. Prevalence of hemoglobin variants and hemoglobinopathies using cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in central reference laboratory of India: a report of 65779 cases. J Lab Physicians. 2018;10:73\u20139.","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"4358_CR33","first-page":"1021","volume":"53","author":"RS Balgir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balgir RS. Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in the state of Orissa, India: a ten years cohort study. JAPI. 2005;53:1021.","journal-title":"JAPI"},{"key":"4358_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.27792","volume":"12","author":"RS Balgir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Balgir RS. Genetic heterogeneity of population structure in 15 major scheduled tribes in central and eastern India: a study of immuno-hematological disorders. Indian J Hum Genet. 2006;12:86\u201392.","journal-title":"Indian J Hum Genet"},{"key":"4358_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/745245","volume":"2014","author":"P Purohit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Purohit P, Dehury S, Patel S, Patel DK. Prevalence of deletional alpha thalassemia and sickle gene in a tribal dominated malaria endemic area of eastern India. ISRN Hematol. 2014;2014: 745245.","journal-title":"ISRN Hematol"},{"key":"4358_CR36","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Health and environment","author":"RS Balgir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balgir RS. Genetic diversity and epidemiology of the major scheduled tribes of Orissa. In: Hema Prasad M, Reddy PP, editors. Health and environment. Hyderabad: Institute of Genetics; 2004. p. 67\u201391."},{"key":"4358_CR37","first-page":"1536","volume":"79","author":"RS Balgir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Balgir RS. The burden of hemoglobinopathies in India and the challenges ahead. Curr Sci. 2000;79:1536\u201347.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"4358_CR38","first-page":"285","volume":"13","author":"RS Balgir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balgir RS. Emergence of medical genetics in Orissa. J Indian Inst Public Adm (Orissa Regional Branch). 2005;13:285\u201393.","journal-title":"J Indian Inst Public Adm (Orissa Regional Branch)"},{"key":"4358_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP562","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513480231","volume":"27","author":"D Mohanty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohanty D, Mukherjee MB, Colah RB, Wadia M, Ghosh K, Chottray GP, et al. Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies among the primitive tribes: a multicentric study in India. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27:NP562.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health."},{"key":"4358_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V71.2.467.467","volume":"71","author":"AE Kulozik","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kulozik AE, Kar BC, Serjeant GR, Serjeant BE, Weatherall DJ. The molecular basis of alpha thalassemia in India. Its interaction with the sickle cell gene. Blood. 1988;71:467\u201372.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"4358_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000041032","volume":"103","author":"MB Mukherjee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mukherjee MB, Surve RR, Ghosh K, Colah RB, Mohanty D. Clinical diversity of sickle cell disease in western India\u2014influence of genetic factors. Acta Haematol. 2000;103:122\u20133.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"4358_CR42","first-page":"479","volume":"61","author":"D Labie","year":"1989","unstructured":"Labie D, Srinivas R, Dunda O, Dode C, Lapoumeroulie C, Devi V, et al. Haplotypes in tribal Indians bearing the sickle gene: evidence for the unicentric origin of the beta S mutation and the unicentric origin of the tribal populations of India. Hum Biol. 1989;61:479\u201391.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"4358_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-021-2090-0","volume":"58","author":"A Verma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma A, Sharmar RK, Saha KB. Diversity in child mortality and life expectancy at birth among major tribes in selected states of India. Indian Pediatr. 2021;58:20\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"4358_CR44","unstructured":"Directorate of national vector borne diseases control programme. Directorate General of health services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2022. https:\/\/nvbdcp.gov.in\/Doc\/Annual-Report-2017.pdf. Accessed 05 Aug 2022."},{"key":"4358_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100516","volume":"9","author":"MB Rumaney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rumaney MB, Bitoungui VJN, Vorster AV, Ramesar R, Kengne AP, Ngogang J, et al. The co-inheritance of alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia is associated with better hematological indices and lower consultations rate in Cameroonian patients and could improve their survival. PLoS ONE. 2014;9: e100516.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4358_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1086\/519390","volume":"196","author":"A Enevold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Enevold A, Alifrangis M, Sanchez JJ, Carneiro I, Roper C, Borsting C, et al. Associations between alpha+-thalassemia and Plasmodium falciparum malarial infection in northeastern Tanzania. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:451\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4358_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.257775","volume":"56","author":"MM Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan MM, Meherda PK. Malaria elimination drive in Odisha: hope for halting the transmission. J Vector Borne Dis. 2019;56:53.","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"4358_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12665","volume":"164","author":"L Luzzatto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luzzatto L, Seneca E. G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications. Br J Haematol. 2014;164:469.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"4358_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2009.05.002","volume":"43","author":"R Chalvam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chalvam R, Colah RB, Mohanty D, Ghosh K, Mukherjee MB. Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among the tribals in Western India. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2009;43:156.","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T11:15:16Z","timestamp":1668770116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04358-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Research has been performed in accordance with the\u00a0Declaration of Helsinki\u00a0and has been approved by Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre-Institutional Ethical Committee (ICMR-RMRC IEC). Reference number of the ethical approval obtained is ICMR-RMRC\/IHEC-2018\/015 dated 30\/07\/2018. Informed consent was taken from each participant before conducting interview.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"340"}}