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Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS\u2009+\u2009SP) has been introduced since 2010 as first-line treatment for uncomplicated <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and artesunate (ART) in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasites circulating in the state.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 239 isolates <jats:italic>of P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> mono infection were collected during July 2018-November 2020 from the four different geographical regions of the state. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200\u00a0\u00b5L of venous blood and amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction. Mutations on gene associated with CQ (<jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>) were assessed by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism, artemisinin (<jats:italic>Pfk13)<\/jats:italic> gene by DNA sequencing and SP (<jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>) genes by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AsPCR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The point mutation in <jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic> (K76<jats:bold>T<\/jats:bold>) was detected 2.1%, in <jats:italic>Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> (N86<jats:bold>Y<\/jats:bold>) 3.4%, and no mutations were found in <jats:italic>Pfkelch13<\/jats:italic> propeller domain. Prevalence of <jats:italic>Pfdhfr, Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pfhdfr-Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> (two locus) gene mutations were 50.43%, 47.05% and 49.79% respectively. The single, double, triple and quadruple point mutations in <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> gene was 11.2%, 8.2%, 17.2% and 3.4% while, in <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> gene was 10.9%,19.5%, 9.5% and 2.7% respectively. Of the total 13 haplotypes found in <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>, 8 were detected for the first time in the state and of the total 26 haplotypes found in <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>, 7 were detected for the fisrt time in the state. The linked quintuple mutation <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> (N51<jats:bold>I<\/jats:bold>-C59<jats:bold>R<\/jats:bold>-S108<jats:bold>N<\/jats:bold>)-<jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> (A437<jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold>-K540<jats:bold>E<\/jats:bold>) responsible for clinical failure (RIII level of resistance) of SP resistance and A16<jats:bold>V<\/jats:bold>-S108<jats:bold>T<\/jats:bold> mutation in <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> responsible for cycloguanil was absent.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study has demonstrated a low prevalence of CQ resistance alleles in the study area. Despite the absence of the <jats:italic>Pfkelch13<\/jats:italic> mutations, high prevalence of <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> point mutations undermine the efficacy of SP partner drug, thereby threatening the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria treatment policy. Therefore, continuous molecular and in vivo monitoring of ACT efficacy is warranted in Odisha.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04403-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1671897767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Odisha, India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ramakanta","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Sandeepta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghamitra","family":"Pati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparup","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusmita","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Ranjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4403_CR1","unstructured":"World malaria report. 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Before the enrolment, the purpose of the study was explained to the participants in the local language, and verbal consent was obtained for blood sample collection and testing. One consent from the adult patient (above18 year age) and consent for children less than 18-year age from their parents or head of the house hold members in case of no parents, as per ICMR guidelines; written informed consent was obtained from patients or the parents\/guardians of children prior to blood collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"394"}}