{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1793307342308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It has been more than 20\u00a0years since the malaria epidemiologic shift to school-aged children was noted. In the meantime, school-aged children (5\u201315\u00a0years) have become increasingly more vulnerable with asymptomatic malaria prevalence reaching up to 70%, making them reservoirs for subsequent transmission of malaria in the endemic communities. Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in schoolchildren (IPTsc) has proven to be an effective tool to shrink this reservoir. As of 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> June 2022, the World Health Organization recommends IPTsc in moderate and high endemic areas. Even so, for decision-makers, the adoption of scientific research recommendations has been stifled by real-world implementation challenges. This study presents methodology, challenges faced, and mitigations used in the evaluation of the implementation of IPTsc using dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in three councils (Handeni District Council (DC), Handeni Town Council (TC) and Kilindi DC) of Tanga Region, Tanzania so as to understand the operational feasibility and effectiveness of IPTsc on malaria parasitaemia and clinical malaria incidence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study deployed an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design to assess feasibility and effectiveness of IPTsc using DP, the interventional drug, against standard of care (control). Wards in the three study councils were the randomization unit (clusters). Each ward was randomized to implement IPTsc or not (control). In all wards in the IPTsc arm, DP was given to schoolchildren three times a year in four-month intervals. In each council, 24 randomly selected wards (12 per study arm, one school per ward) were chosen as representatives for intervention impact evaluation. Mixed design methods were used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of implementing IPTsc as part of a more comprehensive health package for schoolchildren. The study reimagined an existing school health programme for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) control include IPTsc implementation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study shows IPTsc can feasibly be implemented by integrating it into existing school health and education systems, paving the way for sustainable programme adoption in a cost-effective manner.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Through this article other interested countries may realise a feasible plan for IPTsc implementation. Mitigation to any challenge can be customized based on local circumstances without jeopardising the gains expected from an IPTsc programme.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04245033. Registered 28 January 2020, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04245033\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04245033<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T08:49:05Z","timestamp":1672994945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Implementation research of a cluster randomized trial evaluating the implementation and effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria using dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on reducing malaria burden in school-aged children in Tanzania: methodology, challenges, and mitigation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Geofrey","family":"Makenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misago D.","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Baraka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno P.","family":"Mmbando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Challe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filbert","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanas","family":"Mhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T. R.","family":"Minja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercy","family":"Chiduo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Mandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Liheluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samwel","family":"Gesase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Method","family":"Segeja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Mtove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Kamugisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Lusasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Chacky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaiyya","family":"Thawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ally","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samwel","family":"Lazaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Nkayamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Van geertruyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P. A.","family":"Lusingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4428_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2018.02.001","volume":"3","author":"MA Thera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thera MA, Kone AK, Tangara B, Diarra E, Niare S, Dembele A, et al. School-aged children based seasonal malaria chemoprevention using artesunate-amodiaquine in Mali. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2018;3:96\u2013105.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"4428_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2601-1","volume":"17","author":"F Chacky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chacky F, Runge M, Rumisha SF, Machafuko P, Chaki P, Massaga JJ, et al. Nationwide school malaria parasitaemia survey in public primary schools, the United Republic of Tanzania. Malar J. 2018;17:452.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4428_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12374","volume":"19","author":"J Nankabirwa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nankabirwa J, Brooker SJ, Clarke SE, Fernando D, Gitonga CW, Schellenberg D, et al. Malaria in school-age children in Africa: an increasingly important challenge. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19:1294\u2013309.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"4428_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3287-3","volume":"16","author":"G Mtove","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mtove G, Mugasa JP, Messenger LA, Malima RC, Mangesho P, Magogo F, et al. The effectiveness of non-pyrethroid insecticide-treated durable wall lining to control malaria in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:633.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4428_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu150","volume":"58","author":"P Trial","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trial P, Nankabirwa JI, Wandera B, Amuge P, Kiwanuka N, Dorsey G, et al. Impact of Intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on malaria in Ugandan schoolchildren\u202f: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:1404\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4428_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01658-6","volume":"16","author":"DAP Bundy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bundy DAP, Lwin S, Osika JS, McLaughlin J, Pannenborg CO. What should schools do about malaria? Parasitol Today. 2000;16:181\u20132.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"4428_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0621-7","volume":"14","author":"WWARN Gametocyte Study Group","year":"2016","unstructured":"WWARN Gametocyte Study Group. Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy a systematic review and meta- analysis of individual patient data. BMC Med. 2016;14:79.","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"4428_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03250-4","volume":"19","author":"SG Thawer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thawer SG, Chacky F, Runge M, Reaves E, Mandike R, Lazaro S, et al. Sub-national stratification of malaria risk in mainland Tanzania: a simplified assembly of survey and routine data. Malar J. 2020;19:177.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4428_CR10","unstructured":"WHO. WHO recognizes national efforts towards malaria elimination. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/who-recognizes-national-efforts-towards-malaria-elimination. Accessed 8 Jun 2018"},{"key":"4428_CR11","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program in Tanzania. NTDCP website. 2017. http:\/\/www.ntdcp.go.tz\/about."},{"key":"4428_CR12","unstructured":"WHO. Crossing the Billion. Preventive chemotherapy for neglected tropical diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/resources\/9789240696471\/en\/."},{"key":"4428_CR13","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/guidelines-for-malaria."},{"key":"4428_CR14","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Dodoma, Tanzania. 2013."},{"key":"4428_CR15","volume-title":"Implementing malaria in pregnancy programs in the context of World Health Organization recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO. Implementing malaria in pregnancy programs in the context of World Health Organization recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"4428_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.2\/npatsopoulos","volume":"13","author":"NA Patsopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patsopoulos NA. A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13:217\u201324.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4428_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2448-5","volume":"17","author":"J Webster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Webster J, Burdam FH, Landuwulang CU, Bruce J, Poespoprodjo JR, et al. Evaluation of the implementation of single screening and treatment for the control of malaria in pregnancy in Eastern Indonesia: a systems effectiveness analysis. Malar J. 2018;17:310.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"4428_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7086","volume":"347","author":"DH Peters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peters DH, Adam T, Alonge O, Agyepong IA, Tran N. Implementation research: what it is and how to do it. BMJ. 2013;347: f6753.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4428_CR19","first-page":"392","volume":"7","author":"M Zwarentein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zwarentein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, Altman DG, Tunis S, Haynes B, et al. Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. J Chinese Integr Med. 2009;7:392\u20137.","journal-title":"J Chinese Integr Med"},{"key":"4428_CR20","volume-title":"Guideline for treatment of malaria","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. Guideline for treatment of malaria. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.","edition":"3"},{"key":"4428_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268654","volume":"17","author":"G Makenga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Makenga G, Baraka V, Francis F, Minja DTR, Gesase S, Kyaruzi E, et al. Attributable risk factors for asymptomatic malaria and anaemia and their association with cognitive and psychomotor functions in schoolchildren of north-eastern Tanzania. PLoS ONE. 2022;17: e0268654.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4428_CR22","first-page":"2020","volume":"4642","author":"LM Cohee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohee LM, Nankabirwa JI, Greenwood B, Djimde A, Mathanga DP. Time for malaria control in school-age children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021;4642:2020\u20131.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"4428_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00188","volume":"11","author":"Menon S Makenga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Makenga Menon S, Baraka V, Minja DTR, Nakato S, Delgado-Ratto C, et al. Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in pregnant women and school aged children living in similar endemic setting of sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;11: e00188.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control."},{"key":"4428_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1499","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30325-9","volume":"8","author":"LM Cohee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohee LM, Opondo C, Clarke SE, Halliday KE, Cano J, Shipper AG, et al. Preventive malaria treatment among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e1499\u2013511.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4428_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-311","volume":"14","author":"J Doua","year":"2013","unstructured":"Doua J, Matangila J, Lutumba P, Van geertruyden J-P,. Intermittent preventive treatment: efficacy and safety of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus piperaquine regimens in schoolchildren of the Democratic Republic of Congo: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:311.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"4428_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.01.001","volume":"100","author":"C Karema","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karema C, Fanello CI, Van Overmeir C, Van geertruyden JP, van Doren W, Ngamije D, et al. Safety and efficacy of dihydroartemisinin\/piperaquine (Artekin) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Rwandan children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:1105\u201311.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"4428_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1086\/344647","volume":"35","author":"MB Denis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Denis MB, Davis TME, Hewitt S, Incardona S, Nimol K, Fandeur T, et al. Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Artekin) in Cambodian children and adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:1469\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4428_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-196","volume":"7","author":"M Temperley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Temperley M, Mueller DH, Njagi JK, Akhwale W, Clarke SE, Jukes MCH, et al. Costs and cost-effectiveness of delivering intermittent preventive treatment through schools in western Kenya. Malar J. 2008;7:196.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4428_CR29","unstructured":"TMDA. ADR Reporting form. 2020. https:\/\/www.tmda.go.tz\/uploads\/1627451154-en1627306193-Yellow-Form-Revised.2021.pdf."},{"key":"4428_CR30","unstructured":"TMDA. Adverse drug reaction. 2019. https:\/\/www.tfda.go.tz\/pages\/adverse-drug-reaction. Accessed 19 Jul 2019."},{"key":"4428_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2020.100546","volume":"17","author":"G Makenga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Makenga G, Baraka V, Francis F, Nakato S, Gesase S, Mtove G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria using either dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artesunate-amodiaquine in reducing malaria related morbidities and improving cognitive ability in school-aged children in Tanzania: a study protocol for a controlled randomised trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020;17: 100546.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"key":"4428_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-67","volume":"4","author":"BJ Weiner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weiner BJ. A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implement Sci. 2009;4:67.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"4428_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1322","volume":"89","author":"RE Glasgow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions\u202f: the RE-AIM Framework. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1322\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"4428_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","volume":"38","author":"E Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, et al. Outcomes for implementation research conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011;38:65\u201376.","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"4428_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0242-0","volume":"10","author":"P Nilsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nilsen P. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implement Sci. 2015;10:53.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"4428_CR36","unstructured":"NIMR. Data Transfer Agreement. 2007. http:\/\/www.nimr.or.tz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/DTA.pdf."},{"key":"4428_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0633","volume":"88","author":"J Nankabirwa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nankabirwa J, Wandera B, Kiwanuka N, Staedke SG, Kamya MR, Brooker SJ. Asymptomatic Plasmodium infection and cognition among primary schoolchildren in a high malaria transmission setting in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88:1102\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4428_CR38","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. World Health Organization; 2011. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/85839\/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.1_eng.pdf."},{"key":"4428_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0100400104","volume":"4","author":"S Vidmar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vidmar S, Carlin J, Hesketh K, Cole T. Standardizing anthropometric measures in children and adolescents with new functions for Egen. Stata J Promot Commun Stat Stata. 2004;4:50\u20135.","journal-title":"Stata J Promot Commun Stat Stata"},{"key":"4428_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.4.839","volume":"31","author":"S Bennett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bennett S, Parpia T, Cousens S. Bennet. Incidence rates in cluster randomized trials. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;31:839\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"4428_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61034-X","volume":"372","author":"SE Clarke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clarke SE, Jukes MC, Njagi JK, Khasakhala L, Cundill B, Otido J, et al. Effect of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria on health and education in school children: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:127\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4428_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.017","volume":"49","author":"JR Matangila","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matangila JR, Doua JY, Mitashi P, Inoc\u00eancio R, Lutumba P, Pierre J, et al. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment in schoolchildren with sulfadoxine \/ pyrimethamine ( SP ) and SP plus piperaquine in Democratic Republic of the Congo\u202f: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017;49:339\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"4428_CR43","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2019","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"4428_CR44","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2018","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"4428_CR45","unstructured":"UNICEF. Generation 2030 Africa 2.0. 2017. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/files\/Generation_2030_Africa_2.0.pdf."},{"key":"4428_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.01.430","volume":"64","author":"BA Warady","year":"2014","unstructured":"Warady BA, Neu AM, Schaefer F. National Education Profile 2014 Update: Congo. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;64:128\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4428_CR47","unstructured":"World Bank. National Education Profile: Burkina Faso 2018 Update. 2018. https:\/\/www.epdc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/EPDC_NEP_2018_Burkinafaso.pdf"},{"key":"4428_CR48","unstructured":"Zerihun AW, Kibret H, Wakiaga J. National Education Profile 2018 Update: Ethiopia. 2018;15. https:\/\/www.epdc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/EPDC_NEP_2018_Tanzania.pdf"},{"key":"4428_CR49","unstructured":"World Bank. National Education Profile: Tanzania 2018 Update. 2018. https:\/\/www.epdc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/EPDC_NEP_2018_Tanzania.pdf"},{"key":"4428_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e617","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00049-2","volume":"3","author":"AM van Eijk","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Eijk AM, Hill J, Noor AM, Snow RW, ter Kuile FO. Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women compared with children for tracking malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e617\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4428_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e668","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30126-8","volume":"6","author":"SG Staedke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staedke SG, Maiteki-Sebuguzi C, Rehman AM, Kigozi SP, Gonahasa S, Okiring J, et al. Assessment of community-level effects of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in schoolchildren in Jinja, Uganda (START-IPT trial): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e668\u201379.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4428_CR52","unstructured":"WHO. Word Malaria Report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2021"},{"key":"4428_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051550","volume":"9","author":"AM Fimbo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fimbo AM, Minzi OMS, Mmbando BP, Barry A, Nkayamba AF, Mwamwitwa KW, et al. Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania. J Clin Med. 2020 May 21;9(5):1550. doi: 10.3390\/jcm9051550.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4428_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-274","volume":"5","author":"HD Mazigo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazigo HD, Nuwaha F, Kinung SM, Morona D, De MAP, Wilson S, et al. Epidemiology and control of human schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:274.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4428_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz044","volume":"12","author":"JN Siewe Fodjo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siewe Fodjo JN, Mubiru F, Ukaga C, Logora MY, Mmbando BP, Mandro M, et al. Low ivermectin use among 5-to 6-year-old children: observations from door-To-door surveys in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Africa. Int Health. 2019;12:72\u20135.","journal-title":"Int Health"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T23:04:08Z","timestamp":1673132648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04428-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study obtained ethical approval from the Medical Research Council Committee (MRCC) with approval number <i>NIMR\/HQ\/R.8a\/Vol.IX\/3291<\/i> dated 6<sup>th<\/sup> December 2019, which was renewed with approval number <i>NIMR\/HQ\/R.8c\/Vol.I\/1652<\/i> dated 28<sup>th<\/sup> December 2020. The study also got regulatory approval from TMDA with approval number TMDA0019\/CTR\/0018\/03 dated 31<sup>st<\/sup> January 2020. Written informed consent and or assents were obtained to all participants participating on the effectiveness assessment part of the study. Programmatic implementation was permitted by respective authorities to the level of school parents committees.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Permission to publish was granted by the MRCC, also from all participating institutions.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors declare no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}