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Although most <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> infections in endemic areas are asymptomatic and have low parasite densities, they are considered a potentially important source of transmission. Several studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> carriers can transmit the parasite to mosquitoes, but the efficiency has not been well quantified. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between parasite density and mosquito infectivity, particularly at low parasitaemia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Membrane feeding assays were performed using serial dilutions of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>-infected blood to define the relationship between parasitaemia and mosquito infectivity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The infection rate (oocyst prevalence) and intensity (oocyst load) were positively correlated with the parasite density in the blood. There was a broad case-to-case variation in parasite infectivity. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 10% mosquito infection rate was 33 (CI <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\u00a09\u2013120) parasites\/\u00b5l or 4 (CI <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\u00a01\u201317) gametocytes\/\u00b5l. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 50% mosquito infection rate was 146 (CI <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\u00a036\u2013586) parasites\/\u00b5l or 13 (CI <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\u00a03\u201349) gametocytes\/\u00b5l.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study quantified the ability of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> to infect <jats:italic>Anopheles dirus<\/jats:italic> at over a broad range of parasite densities. It provides important information about parasite infectivity at low parasitaemia common among asymptomatic <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> carriers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04435-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T17:02:53Z","timestamp":1674147773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transmission efficiency of Plasmodium vivax at low parasitaemia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Thitiporn","family":"Surit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyarat","family":"Sripoorote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalermpon","family":"Kumpitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanut","family":"Suansomjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nongnuj","family":"Maneechai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jetsumon","family":"Sattabongkot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanlapa","family":"Roobsoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Nguitragool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4435_CR1","volume-title":"20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"World malaria report","year":"2020","unstructured":"World malaria report. 20 years of global progress and challenges. 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