{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:39:40Z","timestamp":1788273580848,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Malaria, transmitted by the bite of infective female\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes, remains a global public health problem. The presence of an invasive\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi,<\/jats:italic>\n                      capable of transmitting\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites was first reported in Ethiopia in 2016. The ecology of\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      is different from that of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the primary Ethiopian malaria vector, and this suggests that alternative control strategies may be necessary. Larviciding may be an effective alternative strategy, but there is limited information on the susceptibility of Ethiopian\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      to common larvicides. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of temephos and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      var. israelensis (\n                      <jats:italic>Bti<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) larvicides against larvae of invasive\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The diagnostic doses of two larvicides, temephos (0.25\u00a0ml\/l) and\n                      <jats:italic>Bti<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.05\u00a0mg\/l) were tested in the laboratory against the immature stages (late third to early fourth stages larvae) of\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from the field and reared in a bio-secure insectary. Larvae were collected from two sites (Haro Adi and Awash Subuh Kilo). For each site, three hundred larvae were tested against each insecticide (as well as an untreated control), in batches of 25. The data from all replicates were pooled and descriptive statistics prepared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mortality of larvae exposed to temephos was 100% for both sites. Mortality to\n                      <jats:italic>Bti<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 99.7% at Awash and 100% at Haro Adi site.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Larvae of\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      are susceptible to temephos and\n                      <jats:italic>Bti<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvicides suggesting that larviciding with these insecticides through vector control programmes may be effective against\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in these localities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04475-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T11:03:58Z","timestamp":1675940638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Laboratory-based efficacy evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos larvicides against larvae of Anopheles stephensi in ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Abebe","family":"Teshome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Erko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemu","family":"Golassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gedeon","family":"Yohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth R.","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zohdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisay","family":"Dugassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4475_CR1","volume-title":"World malaria report","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. 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