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Because vector biting can be heterogeneous, some infected individuals may contribute more to human-to-mosquito transmission than others. Infection prevalence peaks in school-age children, but it is not known how often they are fed upon. Genotypic profiling of human blood permits identification of individual humans who were bitten. The present investigation used this method to estimate which human demographic groups were most responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes. It was hypothesized that school-age children contribute more than other demographic groups to human-to-mosquito malaria transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a region of moderate-to-high malaria incidence in southeastern Malawi, randomly selected households were surveyed to collect human demographic information and blood samples. Blood-fed, female\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes were sampled indoors from the same houses. Genomic DNA from human blood samples and mosquito blood meals of human origin was genotyped using 24 microsatellite loci. The resultant genotypes were matched to identify which individual humans were sources of blood meals. In addition,\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in mosquito abdomens was detected with polymerase chain reaction. The combined results were used to identify which humans were most frequently bitten, and the\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection prevalence in mosquitoes that resulted from these blood meals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      females selected human hosts non-randomly and fed on more than one human in 9% of the blood meals. Few humans contributed most of the blood meals to the\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      vector population. Children\u2009\u2264\u20095\u00a0years old were under-represented in mosquito blood meals while older males (31\u201375\u00a0years old) were over-represented. However, the largest number of malaria-infected blood meals was from school age children (6\u201315\u00a0years old).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results support the hypothesis that humans aged 6\u201315\u00a0years are the most important demographic group contributing to the transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      to the\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito vectors. This conclusion suggests that malaria control and prevention programmes should enhance efforts targeting school-age children and males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04541-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T03:02:33Z","timestamp":1680836553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Genotyping of Anopheles mosquito blood meals reveals nonrandom human host selection: implications for human-to-mosquito Plasmodium falciparum transmission"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rex B.","family":"Mbewe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Keven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themba","family":"Mzilahowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don P.","family":"Mathanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Valim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam K.","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Cohee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90199-9","volume":"80","author":"C Dye","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dye C, Hasibeder G. 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