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The objective of this meta-analysis was to derive robust estimates of malaria prevalence and<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>species from studies conducted in Mauritania and published since 2000.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in various electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To obtain pooled prevalence of malaria, meta-analysis was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Methodological quality of eligible prevalence studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Inconsistency and heterogeneity between studies were quantified by the I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>index and Cochran\u2019s Q test. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger\u2019s regression tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 16 studies with a good individual methodological quality were included and analysed in this study. The overall random effects pooled prevalence of malaria infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic) across all included studies was 14.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 6.64, 25.80, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.8%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) by microscopy, 25.6% (95% CI: 8.74, 47.62, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.6%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) by PCR and 24.3% (95% CI: 12.05 to 39.14, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.7%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) by rapid diagnostic test. Using microscopy, the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.00, 3.48) against 21.46% (95% CI: 11.03, 34.21) in symptomatic malaria. The overall prevalence of<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>was 51.14% and 37.55%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed significant variation (P\u2009=\u20090.039) in the prevalence of malaria between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>are widespread in Mauritania. Results of this meta-analysis implies that distinct intervention measures including accurate parasite-based diagnosis and appropriate treatment of confirmed malaria cases are critical for a successful malaria control and elimination programme in Mauritania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04569-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T09:02:34Z","timestamp":1683018154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Malaria prevalence in Mauritania: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Inejih","family":"El Moustapha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ouldabdallahi Moukah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Salem","family":"Ould Ahmedou Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khyarhoum","family":"Brahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Briolant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Basco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4569_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Basco LK, Ouldabdallahi M, Mint Lekweiry K, Konat\u00e9 L, Faye O, et al. 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