{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:36:54Z","timestamp":1791337014475,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA 2020S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA 2020S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) is a malaria control strategy consisting of the administration of an anti-malarial drug alongside routine immunizations. So far, this is being implemented nationwide in Sierra Leone only. IPTi has been renamed as Perennial Malaria Chemoprevention -PMC-, accounting for its recently recommended expansion into the second year of life. Before starting a pilot implementation on PMC, the currently implemented strategy and malaria prevalence were assessed in young children in selected areas of Sierra Leone.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional, community-based, multi-stage cluster household survey was conducted from November to December 2021 in selected districts of the Northern and northwestern provinces of Sierra Leone among 10\u201323\u00a0months old children, whose caretakers gave written informed consent to participate in the survey. Coverage of IPTi and malaria prevalence\u2014assessed with rapid diagnostic tests\u2014were calculated using percentages and 95% confidence intervals weighted for the sampling design and adjusted for non-response within clusters. Factors associated with RDT\u2009+\u2009and iPTi coverage were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 720 children were recruited. Coverage of three IPTi doses was 50.57% (368\/707; 95% CI 45.38\u201355.75), while prevalence of malaria infection was 28.19% (95% CI 24.81\u201331.84). Most children had received IPTi1 (80.26%, 574\/707; 95% CI 75.30\u201384.44), and IPTi2 (80.09%, 577\/707; 95% CI 76.30\u201383.40) and over half of the children also received IPTi3 (57.72%, 420\/707; 95% CI 53.20\u201362.11). The uptake of each IPTi dose was lower than that of the vaccines administered at the same timepoint at all contacts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Sierra Leone, half of the children received the three recommended doses of IPTi indicating an increase in its uptake compared to previous data of just a third of children receiving the intervention. However, efforts need to be made in improving IPTi coverage, especially in the planned expansion of the strategy into the second\u00a0year of life following recent WHO guidelines.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T03:15:14Z","timestamp":1682997314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants after four years of implementation in Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2905-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustin E.","family":"Fombah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haily","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwabena","family":"Owusu-Kyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloren\u00e7","family":"Quinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia LLach","family":"Berne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrte","family":"Wassenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakarr","family":"Jalloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe-Henry C.","family":"Sunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximo","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesc","family":"Bertran-Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Saute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier K.","family":"Ekouevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Briand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitta R. Y.","family":"Kamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Sesay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Samai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4575_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2022. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2022."},{"key":"4575_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Policy recommendation on intermittent preventive treatment during infancy for Plasmodium falciparum malaria control in Africa Contra-indications. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/news\/WHO_policy_recommendation_IPTi_032010.pdf."},{"key":"4575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61258-7","volume":"374","author":"JJ Aponte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aponte JJ, Schellenberg D, Egan A, Breckenridge A, Carneiro I, Critchley J, et al. Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in African infants: a pooled analysis of six randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2009;374:1533\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010313","volume":"5","author":"L Conteh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conteh L, Sicuri E, Manzi F, Hutton G, Obonyo B, Tediosi F, et al. The Cost-Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE. 2010;5: e10313.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esu EB, Oringanje C, Meremikwu M. Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7:CD011525.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011525.pub3"},{"key":"4575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03615-3","volume":"20","author":"M Lahuerta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lahuerta M, Sutton R, Mansaray A, Eleeza O, Gleason B, Akinjeji A, et al. Evaluation of health system readiness and coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) in Kambia district to inform national scale-up in Sierra Leone. Malar J. 2021;20:74.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4575_CR7","unstructured":"MULTIPLY. MULTIple Doses of IPTi Proposal: a lifesaving high yield intervention (MULTIPLY). 2021. https:\/\/multiplyipti.net\/."},{"key":"4575_CR8","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for malaria 2022 Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/guidelines-for-malaria."},{"key":"4575_CR9","unstructured":"National Malaria Control Programme\/Sierra Leone, Statistics Sierra Leone, University of Sierra Leone, catholic relief services, and ICF. Sierra Leone Malaria Indicator Survey 2016. Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Rockville Maryland USA 2016. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-mis25-mis-final-reports.cfm."},{"key":"4575_CR10","unstructured":"WHO. Vaccination coverage cluster surveys: reference manual. Geneva World Health Organization, 2018. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/272820."},{"key":"4575_CR11","unstructured":"The DHS Program II. Guidelines for Sampling for the Malaria Indicator Survey. https:\/\/malariasurveys.org\/toolkitfiles\/10. MIS Sampling Guidelines.pdf."},{"key":"4575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2018.319","volume":"106","author":"EBT Patridge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patridge EBT. Research electronic data capture (REDCap). J Med Libr Assoc. 2018;106:142\u20134.","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"4575_CR13","unstructured":"REDCap. Research electronic data capture. https:\/\/www.project-redcap.org\/."},{"key":"4575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/data7020016","volume":"7","author":"S Rouzinov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rouzinov S, Berchtold A. Regression-based approach to test missing data mechanisms. Data. 2022;7:1\u201328.","journal-title":"Data"},{"key":"4575_CR15","unstructured":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC. StataCorp. 2021. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/company\/."},{"key":"4575_CR16","unstructured":"WHO. Fully immunized child rate the global health observatory. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/indicator-metadata-registry\/imr-details\/3376."},{"key":"4575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e566","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00051-7","volume":"22","author":"R Gonzalez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonzalez R, Manun\u2019Ebo MF, Meremikwu M, Rabeza VR, Sacoor C, Figueroa-Romero A, et al. The impact of community delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy on its coverage in four sub-Saharan African countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nigeria): a quasi-experimental multicentre evaluation. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;22:e566\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4575_CR18","unstructured":"Statistics Sierra Leone and ICF. Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2019. Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Rockville, Maryland USA. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-FR365-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm."}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T03:15:40Z","timestamp":1682997340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04575-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was sought from the national institutional review boards in Sierra Leone, where the study took place and in Barcelona, where the sponsor of the study resides. The Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (approval date 4th August 2021) and Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (reference number 16\/2021) approved the main study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for participation was sought from legal guardians of participants of the household survey. Consent was also sought from the legal guardians for results of the survey to be published and made available so that other interested people may learn from our survey.Parents or guardians gave written informed consent for all survey procedures including participation of their children and publication of the findings.The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov with protocol number <b>NCT05085340.<\/b>","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The funder did not influence the contents of the outcome of this study. The authors have no other affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript apart from what has been disclosed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}