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Understanding vector bionomics in the district is necessary for planning and targeting effective vector control. This study aimed to provide information on abundance, seasonality, and <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infectivity of malaria vectors in Nchelenge, including islands.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mosquitoes were collected in 192 CDC indoor light traps set in 56 households between January 2015 and January 2016. Morphological and molecular species identifications and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> circumsporoites by ELISA were performed. Mosquito counts and relative abundances from the islands and mainland were compared, and household factors associated with vector counts were determined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 5888 anophelines were collected during the study. Of these, 5,704 were female <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus <\/jats:italic>sensu lato (<jats:italic>s.l<\/jats:italic>.) and 248 female <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic> The highest proportion of <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u20094090) was from Chisenga Island and <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u2009174) was from Kilwa Island. The highest estimated counts per trap for <jats:italic>An. funestus s.l<\/jats:italic>. were from Chisenga island, (89.9, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and from the dry season (78.6, p\u2009&lt;\u2009001). For <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> the highest counts per trap were from Kilwa island (3.1, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the rainy season (2.5, p\u2009=\u20090.007). The highest estimated annual entomological inoculation rate was from Chisenga Island with 91.62 ib\/p\/y followed by Kilwa Island with 29.77 ib\/p\/yr, and then Mainland with 19.97 ib\/p\/yr.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was varied species abundance and malaria transmission risk across sites and seasons. The risk of malaria transmission was perennial and higher on the islands. The minimal impact of vector control efforts on the mainland was evident, but limited overall. Vector control intervention coverage with effective tools needs to be extended to the islands to effectively control malaria transmission in Nchelenge district.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04746-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1698580897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spatial\u2013temporal vector abundance and malaria transmission dynamics in Nchelenge and Lake Mweru islands, a region with a high burden of malaria in northern Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mbanga","family":"Muleba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith J.","family":"Mbata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-69","volume":"5","author":"ME Sinka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, et al. 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