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Vector transmission of malaria is poorly studied in the country and no previous report compared rural and urban data. This study aimed to determine the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> fauna and the entomological indices of malaria transmission in the rural and urban areas in the south of Brazzaville, and beyond.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Indoor household mosquitoes capture using electric aspirator was performed in rural and urban areas during raining and dry seasons in 2021. The identification of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species was done using binocular magnifier and nested-PCR. TaqMan and nested-PCR were used to detect the <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species in the head\/thorax and abdomens of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>. Some entomological indices including the sporozoite infection rate, the entomological inoculation rate and the man biting rate were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 699 <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes were collected: <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae <\/jats:italic>sensu lato (<jats:italic>s.l<\/jats:italic>.) (90.7%), <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus s.l.<\/jats:italic> (6.9%), and <jats:italic>Anopheles moucheti<\/jats:italic> (2.4%). Three species of <jats:italic>An. gambiae s.l<\/jats:italic>. were identified including <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae <\/jats:italic>sensu stricto (78.9%), <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic> (15.4%) and <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic> (5.7%). The overall sporozoite infection rate was 22.3% with a predominance of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, followed by <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> aggressiveness rate was higher in households from rural area (1.1 bites\/night) compared to that from urban area (0.8 ib\/p\/n). The overall entomological inoculation rate was 0.13 ib\/p\/n. This index was 0.17 ib\/p\/n and 0.092 ib\/p\/n in rural and in urban area, respectively, and was similar during the dry (0.18 ib\/p\/n) and rainy (0.14 ib\/p\/n) seasons.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings highlight that malaria transmission remains high in rural and urban area in the south of Republic of Congo despite the ongoing control efforts, thereby indicating the need for more robust interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04823-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T18:01:28Z","timestamp":1705428088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Entomological indicators of Plasmodium species transmission in Goma Ts\u00e9-Ts\u00e9 and Madibou districts, in the Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jacques Dollon Mbama","family":"Ntabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Lissom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Djontu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis N.","family":"Nkemngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Diafouka-Kietela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolivet","family":"Mayela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Missontsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Djogbenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Ndo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayola Akim","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Lenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Borrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Ntoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4823_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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FST. DFD.FD-SBIO) and and the administrative authorizations of the Goma Ts\u00e9-Ts\u00e9 district sub-prefecture (N\u00b0002\/MATDDUDP\/DGTT\/SG-02). Prior to the mosquito collection, a consent form was signed by the head of each household giving access to homes for the capture of mosquitoes. A questionnaire was administered before or after the agreement of participation of the head of household.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}