{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:22:50Z","timestamp":1791573770796,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development","award":["ETH-13\/0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETH-13\/0025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Investigating the species distribution and their role in malaria transmission is important as it varies from place to place and is highly needed to design interventions appropriate to the site. The current study aimed to investigate the\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito species distribution and their infection rate in southwestern Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was conducted in 14 malaria-endemic\n                      <jats:italic>kebeles<\/jats:italic>\n                      (the smallest administrative unit), which were situated in eight different malaria-endemic districts and four zones in southwestern Ethiopia. Ten per cent of households in each village were visited to collect adult mosquitoes using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps. The larval and pupal collection was done from breeding sites within the villages, and reared to adults. Female mosquitoes were morphologically identified. The head and thorax of adult\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes were tested for circumsporozoite proteins (CSPs) using ELISA. At the same time, legs, wings, and abdomen were used to identify sibling species using PCR targeting the rDNA intergenic spacers region for species typing of the\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group and the internal transcribed spacer 2 region genes for\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1445\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes comprising eight species were collected. Of 813\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex tested by PCR, 785 (97%) were\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and the remaining 28 (3%) were not amplified. There were 133\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group captured and tested to identify the species, of which 117 (88%) were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles parensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 15 (11%) were not amplified. A single specimen (1%) showed a band with a different base pair length from the known\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group species. Sequencing revealed this was\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles sergentii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among 1399\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      tested for CSPs by ELISA, 5 (0.4%)\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a single (0.07%) was positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      continues to play the principal role in malaria transmission despite implementing indoor-based interventions for decades. Sequencing results suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>An. sergentii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was amplified by the\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group primer, producing PCR amplicon size of different length. Therefore, relying solely on amplifying a specific gene of interest in grouping species could be misleading, as different species may share the same gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T08:02:33Z","timestamp":1704787353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anopheles arabiensis continues to be the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum after decades of malaria control in southwestern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nigatu","family":"Eligo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teklu","family":"Wegayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrthe","family":"Pareyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girum","family":"Tamiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernt","family":"Lindtj\u00f8rn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fekadu","family":"Massebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4840_CR1","volume-title":"World malaria report 2019","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"4840_CR2","volume-title":"World malaria report: 20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report: 20 years of global progress and challenges. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020."},{"key":"4840_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-117","volume":"3","author":"ME Sinka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Coetzee M, Mbogo CM, Hemingway J, et al. The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in Africa, Europe and the Middle East: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic pr\u00e9cis. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:117.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4840_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0745","volume":"89","author":"F Massebo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massebo F, Balkew M, Gebre-Michael T, Lindtj\u00f8rn B. Entomologic inoculation rates of Anopheles arabiensis in southwestern Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89:466\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2017.04.003","volume":"2","author":"M Abraham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abraham M, Massebo F, Lindtj\u00f8rn B. High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: implication for residual malaria transmission. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2017;2:61\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"4840_CR6","unstructured":"National Malaria Control Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, World Health Organization, Addis Ababa University and the INFORM Project. An epidemiological profile of malaria in Ethiopia. A report prepared for the Federal. Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, the Roll Back Malaria Partnership and the Department for International Development, UK. 2013."},{"key":"4840_CR7","unstructured":"Schaller KF. Medizinische Landerkunde Athiopien-Ethiopia. Vol 3 of Geomedical Monograph Series. 1972. p. 159."},{"key":"4840_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/14.2.180","volume":"14","author":"ES Krafsur","year":"1977","unstructured":"Krafsur ES. The bionomics and relative prevalence of Anopheles species with respect to the transmission of Plasmodium to man in western Ethiopia. J Med Entomol. 1977;14:180\u201394.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"4840_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0487-3","volume":"7","author":"HS Taffese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taffese HS, Hemming-Schroeder E, Koepfli C, Tesfaye G, Lee MC, Kazura J, et al. Malaria epidemiology and interventions in Ethiopia from 2001 to 2016. Infect Dis Poverty. 2018;7:103.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"4840_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1813-x","volume":"9","author":"O Kenea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kenea O, Balkew M, Tekie H, Gebre-Michael T, Deressa W, Loha E, et al. Human-biting activities of Anopheles species in south-central Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:527.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4840_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00149","volume":"10","author":"E Esayas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esayas E, Woyessa A, Massebo F. Malaria infection clustered into small residential areas in lowlands of southern Ethiopia. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;10: e00149.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"4840_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1264-9","volume":"8","author":"F Massebo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Massebo F, Balkew M, Gebre-Michael T, Lindtj\u00f8rn B. Zoophagic behaviour of anopheline mosquitoes in southwest Ethiopia: opportunity for malaria vector control. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:645.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4840_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71187-4","volume":"10","author":"KS Kreppel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kreppel KS, Viana M, Main BJ, Johnson PCD, Govella NJ, Lee Y, et al. Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania. Sci Rep. 2020;10:14527.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4840_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4840_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-13","volume":"12","author":"JM Mwangangi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mwangangi JM, Mbogo CM, Orindi BO, Muturi EJ, Midega JT, Nzovu J, et al. Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years. Malar J. 2013;12:13.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4840_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-330","volume":"13","author":"GF Killeen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Killeen GF. Characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission. Malar J. 2014;13:330.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4840_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2022.e00278","volume":"19","author":"T Tomas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tomas T, Eligo N, Tamiru G, Massebo F. Outdoor and early hour human biting activities of malaria mosquitoes and the suitability of clay pot for outdoor resting mosquito collection in malaria endemic villages of southern Rift valley, Ethiopia. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2022;19: e00278.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"4840_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-166","volume":"9","author":"E Loha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loha E, Lindtj\u00f8rn B. Model variations in predicting incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using 1998\u20132007 morbidity and meteorological data from south Ethiopia. Malar J. 2010;9:166.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4840_CR19","unstructured":"WHO. Manual on practical entomology in malaria: methods and techniques. Geneva: World Health Organization. Division of Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases; 1975. p. 191."},{"key":"4840_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-3144-9","volume":"19","author":"M Coetzee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coetzee M. Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar J. 2020;19:70.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4840_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.520","volume":"49","author":"JA Scott","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;49:520\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.804","volume":"66","author":"LL Koekemoer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koekemoer LL, Kamau L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M. A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:804\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:2731\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"4840_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.459","volume":"36","author":"JC Beier","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beier JC, Perkins PV, Wirtz RA, Whitmire RE, Mugambi M, Hockmeyer WT. Field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite detection in anopheline mosquitoes from Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987;36:459\u201368.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876","volume":"25","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25:4876\u201382.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4840_CR26","first-page":"42","volume":"27","author":"CT O\u2019Connor","year":"1967","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor CT. The distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in Ethiopia. Mosq News. 1967;27:42\u201354.","journal-title":"Mosq News"},{"key":"4840_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400017707","volume":"15","author":"W Nigatu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nigatu W, Petros B, Lulu M, Adugna N, Wirtz R. Species composition, feeding and resting behaviour of the common anthropophilic anopheline mosquitoes in relation to malaria transmission in Gambella, south west Ethiopia. Int J Trop Insect Sci. 1994;15:371\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Trop Insect Sci"},{"key":"4840_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.08.002","volume":"97","author":"A Taye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taye A, Hadis M, Adugna N, Tilahun D, Wirtz RA. Biting behavior and Plasmodium infection rates of Anopheles arabiensis from Sille, Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 2006;97:50\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4840_CR29","first-page":"41","volume":"15","author":"S Kibret","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kibret S, Alemu Y, Boelee E, Tekie H, Alemu D, Petros B. The impact of a smallscale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in Ziway area, Central Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15:41\u201350.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"4840_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-76","volume":"12","author":"A Animut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Animut A, Balkew M, Gebre-Michael T, Lindtj\u00f8rn B. Blood meal sources and entomological inoculation rates of anophelines along a highland altitudinal transect in south-central Ethiopia. Malar J. 2013;12: 76.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4840_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-023-00529-5","volume":"51","author":"A Assa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Assa A, Eligo N, Massebo F. Anopheles mosquito diversity, entomological indicators of malaria transmission and challenges of morphological identification in southwestern Ethiopia. Trop Med Health. 2023;51:38.","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"4840_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04170-7","volume":"13","author":"S Sougoufara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sougoufara S, Ottih EC, Tripet F. The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting Anopheline malaria vector communities. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:295.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4840_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12063","volume":"67","author":"ML Gatton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gatton ML, Chitnis N, Churcher T, Donnelly MJ, Ghani AC, Godfray HCJ, et al. The importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to malaria control in Africa. Evolution. 2013;67:1218\u201330.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"4840_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608452103","volume":"103","author":"W Gu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gu W, Regens JL, Beier JC, Novak RJ. Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:17560\u20133.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4840_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101699","volume":"9","author":"AO Franco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franco AO, Gomes MGM, Rowland M, Coleman PG, Davies CR. Controlling malaria using livestock-based interventions: a one health approach. PLoS ONE. 2014;9: e101699.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4840_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90086-0","volume":"95","author":"T Habtewold","year":"2001","unstructured":"Habtewold T, Walker AR, Curtis CF, Osir EO, Thapa N. The feeding behaviour and Plasmodium infection of Anopheles mosquitoes in southern Ethiopia in relation to use of insecticide-treated livestock for malaria control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001;95:584\u20136.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2006.652.x","volume":"20","author":"I Tirados","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tirados I, Costantini C, Gibson G, Torr SJ. Blood-feeding behaviour of the malarial mosquito Anopheles arabiensis: implications for vector control. Med Vet Entomol. 2006;20:425\u201337.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"4840_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00019-1","volume":"98","author":"MM Weeto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weeto MM, Koekemoer LL, Kamau L, Hunt RH, Coetzee M. Evaluation of a species-specific PCR assay for the Anopheles funestus group from eleven African countries and Madagascar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004;98:142\u20137.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4840_CR39","volume-title":"Observations on anopheline vectors of malaria in an upland valley in Ethiopia","author":"N Rishikesh","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rishikesh N. Observations on anopheline vectors of malaria in an upland valley in Ethiopia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1966."},{"key":"4840_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300057953","volume":"51","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1959","unstructured":"Gillies MT, Smith A. The effect of a residual house-spraying campaign in East Africa on species balance in the Anopheles funestus group. The replacement of An. funestus Giles by A. rivulorum Leeson. Bull Entomol Res. 1959;51:243\u201352.","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"4840_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01263.x","volume":"9","author":"MLH Mabaso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mabaso MLH, Sharp B, Lengeler C. Historical review of malarial control in southern African with emphasis on the use of indoor residual house-spraying. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9:846\u201356.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"4840_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12187.1","volume":"2","author":"D Kyalo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kyalo D, Amratia P, Mundia CW, Mbogo CM, Coetzee M, Snow RW. A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898\u20132016. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:57.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"4840_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gillies MT, Coetzee M. A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. S Afr Inst Med Res. 1987;55:1\u2013143.","journal-title":"S Afr Inst Med Res"},{"key":"4840_CR44","volume-title":"Anopheles mosquitoes\u2014new insights into malaria vectors","author":"RE Harbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harbach RE. The phylogeny and classification of Anopheles. In: Manguin S, editor. Anopheles mosquitoes\u2014new insights into malaria vectors. London: InTechOpen; 2013."},{"key":"4840_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03168-x","volume":"19","author":"Y Dahan-Moss","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dahan-Moss Y, Hendershot A, Dhoogra M, Julius H, Zawada J, Kaiser M, et al. Member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex can be misidentified as Anopheles leesoni. Malar J. 2020;19:89.","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T08:04:04Z","timestamp":1704787444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-024-04840-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3253507\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by Arba Minch University Institutional Review Board (CMHS\/12033592\/111). Verbal and written consents were obtained from all household heads before mosquito collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}