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Sporozoites of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been found in this zoophilic mosquito in Asia and Indonesia. This study systematically reviews publications regarding\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, variation, bio-ecology, and malaria transmission in various localities in Asia, especially Indonesia, to determine whether the current data support\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a species complex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Proquest were searched to identify information regarding the morphology, karyotypes, polytene chromosome, cross-mating, ecology, and molecular identification of\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was then evaluated to determine whether there were possible species complexes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 1326 articles identified, 15 studies were considered for synthesis. The\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. samples for this study came from Asia. Eleven studies used morphology to identify\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with singular studies using each of karyotype identification, chromosomal polytene identification, and cross-breeding experiments. Ten studies used molecular techniques to identify\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., including\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Most studies discovered morphological variations of\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      either in the same or different areas and ecological settings. In this review, the members of\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu lato grouped based on morphology (\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus limosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>An. limosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), karyotyping (form A and B), and molecular (\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype A and B,\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      AN4 and AN5). Genetic analysis revealed a high conservation of the ITS2 fragment among members except for the\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype B, which was, in fact,\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles sundaicus.<\/jats:italic>\n                      This review also identified that\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus limosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were nearly identical to the ITS2 sequence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Literature review studies revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is conspecific despite the distinct morphological characteristic of\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. limosus.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Further information using another barcoding tool, such as mitochondrial COI and ND6 and experimental cross-mating between the\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. limosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      may provide additional evidence for the status of\n                      <jats:italic>An. vagus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a species complex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-04888-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1711530172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A systematic review: is Anopheles vagus a species complex?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dalilah","family":"Dalilah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Din","family":"Syafruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irsan","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghiffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Vernadesly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lepa","family":"Syahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irdayanti","family":"Irdayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chairil","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4888_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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