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Nonetheless, most malaria control tools, such as Histidine Rich Protein 2 rapid diagnosis test (PfHRP2-RDT,) can only diagnose <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Thus, PfHRP2-RDT misses non-falciparum species and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections that fall below the limit of detection. These limitations can be addressed using highly sensitive Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). This study assesses the burden of the four different <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species in western and eastern regions of Senegal using targeted PCR amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Three thousand samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in 2021 from three sites in Senegal (Sessene, Diourbel region; Parcelles Assainies, Kaolack region; Gabou, Tambacounda region) were collected. All samples were tested using PfHRP2-RDT and photoinduced electron transfer polymerase chain reaction (PET-PCR), which detects all <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species. Targeted sequencing of the nuclear 18S rRNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome B genes was performed on PET-PCR positive samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria prevalence by PfHRP2-RDT showed 9.4% (94\/1000) and 0.2% (2\/1000) in Diourbel (DBL) and Kaolack (KL), respectively. In Tambacounda (TAM) patients who had malaria symptoms and had a negative PfHRP2-RDT were enrolled. The PET-PCR had a positivity rate of 23.5% (295\/1255) overall. The PET-PCR positivity rate was 37.6%, 12.3%, and 22.8% in Diourbel, Kaolack, and Tambacounda, respectively. Successful sequencing of 121\/295 positive samples detected <jats:italic>P. falciparum (<\/jats:italic>93%), <jats:italic>P. vivax (<\/jats:italic>2.6%), <jats:italic>P. malariae (<\/jats:italic>4.4%), and <jats:italic>P. ovale wallikeri<\/jats:italic> (0.9%). <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> was co-identified with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> in thirteen samples. Sequencing also detected two PfHRP2-RDT-negative mono-infections of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> in Tambacounda and Kaolack.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings demonstrate the circulation of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> in western and eastern Senegal, highlighting the need for improved malaria control strategies and accurate diagnostic tools to better understand the prevalence of non-falciparum species countrywide.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-04932-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T03:36:54Z","timestamp":1715830614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evidence of Plasmodium vivax circulation in western and eastern\u00a0regions of Senegal: implications for malaria control"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aida S.","family":"Badiane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassirou","family":"Ngom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolla","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aita","family":"S\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouhamad","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daouda","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Nwakanma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Langhorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4932_CR1","volume-title":"Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 update","author":"WHO","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO. 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