{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1792904500067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite continuous prevention and control strategies in place, malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Moreover, prevalence of malaria differs in different geographical settings and epidemiological data were inadequate to assure disease status in the study area. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected rural\n                      <jats:italic>kebeles<\/jats:italic>\n                      in South Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February to June 2019 in eight malaria-endemic\n                      <jats:italic>kebeles<\/jats:italic>\n                      situated in four zones in South Ethiopia. Mult-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the study zones, districts,\n                      <jats:italic>kebeles<\/jats:italic>\n                      and households\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Blood sample were collected from 1674 participants in 345 households by finger prick and smears were examined by microscopy. Sociodemographic data as well as risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were collected using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of malaria in the study localities was 4.5% (76\/1674). The prevalence was varied among the study localities with high prevalence in Bashilo (14.6%; 33\/226) followed by Mehal Korga (12.1%; 26\/214).\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the dominant parasite accounted for 65.8% (50\/76), while\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted 18.4% (14\/76). Co-infection of\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 15.8% (12\/76). Among the three age groups prevalence was 7.8% (27\/346) in age less than 5 years and 7.5% (40\/531) in 5\u201314 years. The age groups\u2009&gt;\u200914years were less likely infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasite (AOR\u2009=\u20090.14, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.82) than under five children. Non-febrile individuals 1638 (97.8%) were more likely to had\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (AOR\u2009=\u200928.4, 95% CI 011.4\u201370.6) than febrile 36 (2.2%). Individuals living proximity to mosquito breeding sites have higher\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (AOR\u2009=\u20096.17, 95% CI 2.66\u201314.3) than those at distant of breeding sites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria remains a public health problem in the study localities. Thus, malaria prevention and control strategies targeting children, non-febrile cases and individuals living proximity to breeding sites are crucial to reduce malaria related morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-04965-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T06:01:39Z","timestamp":1715493699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors among household members in South Ethiopia: a multi-site cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Girma","family":"Yutura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fekadu","family":"Massebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigatu","family":"Eligo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abena","family":"Kochora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teklu","family":"Wegayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4965_CR1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2023","author":"WHO","year":"2023","unstructured":"WHO. 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Prior to the study, permission letter was obtained from selected Zonal Health Departments. Written consent (assent for children) was obtained from head of the household before undertaking the data collection and official letter was sought from the respective district\u2019s health office. For children and younger participants\u2019 consents were obtained from their parents\/guardians. The purpose of the study and procedure of blood sample collection were explained to the participants. The Study participants those positive for <i>P. falciparum<\/i> and <i>P. vivax<\/i> was treated free of charge at nearby health facilities.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"143"}}