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The first-line treatment for <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> is chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ), but there have been local reports of CQ resistance. A clinical study was conducted to determine the efficacy of CQ for the treatment of <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> malaria in southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 2021, patients with <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> mono-infection and uncomplicated malaria were enrolled and treated with 25\u00a0mg\/kg CQ for 3 consecutive days. Patients were followed for 28\u00a0days according to WHO guidelines. The data were analysed using per-protocol (PP) and Kaplan\u2012Meier (K\u2012M) analyses to estimate the risk of recurrent <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> parasitaemia on day 28.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 88 patients were enrolled, 78 (88.6%) of whom completed the 28\u00a0days of follow-up. Overall, 76 (97.4%) patients had adequate clinical and parasitological responses, and two patients had late parasitological failures. The initial therapeutic response was rapid, with 100% clearance of asexual parasitaemia within 48\u00a0h.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite previous reports of declining chloroquine efficacy against <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, CQ retains high therapeutic efficacy in southern Ethiopia, supporting the current national treatment guidelines. Ongoing clinical monitoring of CQ efficacy supported by advanced molecular methods is warranted to inform national surveillance and ensure optimal treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05009-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T16:01:42Z","timestamp":1718035302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chloroquine has shown high therapeutic efficacy against uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in southern Ethiopia: seven decades after its introduction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anteneh Kassahun","family":"Mare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heven","family":"Sime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henok","family":"Hailgiorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kale","family":"Gubae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekuretsion","family":"Gidey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mebrahtom","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudissa","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worku","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Auburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geremew","family":"Tasew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon Mequanente","family":"Abay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashenafi","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5009_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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AKM was a postgraduate student at Addis Ababa University. JBP reports research support from Gilead Sciences, consulting for Zymeron Corporation, and non-financial support from Abbott Laboratories, all outside the scope of the current manuscript. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funder.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"183"}}