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Despite their preventable and treatable nature, malaria remains a global public health concern. In the last decade, India has faced a significant decline in malaria morbidity and mortality. As India pledged to eliminate malaria by 2030, this study examined a decade of surveillance data to uncover space\u2013time clustering and seasonal trends of <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria cases in West Bengal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) was applied to detect seasonal trend and anomaly of the time series. Univariate and multivariate space\u2013time cluster analysis of both malaria cases were performed at block level using Kulldorff\u2019s space\u2013time scan statistics from April 2011 to March 2021 to detect statistically significant space\u2013time clusters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From the time series decomposition, a clear seasonal pattern is visible for both malaria cases. Statistical analysis indicated considerable high-risk <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> clusters, particularly in the northern, central, and lower Gangetic areas. Whereas, <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> was concentrated in the western region with a significant recent transmission towards the lower Gangetic plain. From the multivariate space\u2013time scan statistics, the co-occurrence of both cases were detected with four significant clusters, which signifies the regions experiencing a greater burden of malaria cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seasonal trends from the time series decomposition analysis show a gradual decline for both <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> cases in West Bengal. The space\u2013time scan statistics identified high-risk blocks for <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria and its co-occurrence. Both malaria types exhibit significant spatiotemporal variations over the study area. Identifying emerging high-risk areas of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria over the Gangetic belt indicates the need for more research for its spatial shifting. Addressing the drivers of malaria transmission in these diverse clusters demands regional cooperation and strategic strategies, crucial steps towards overcoming the final obstacles in malaria eradication.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05015-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T03:10:25Z","timestamp":1718593825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Space\u2013time clusters and co-occurrence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in West Bengal, India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Meghna","family":"Maiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utpal","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5015_CR1","volume-title":"Vector-borne diseases","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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