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Notwithstanding, severe malaria and death due to non-falciparum infections have been reported, but at much lower rates than <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections. Following increasing use of molecular detection techniques in epidemiological studies, a higher prevalence of non-falciparum species has been reported in the region than previously thought. This article reviews the literature on the prevalence of non-falciparum malaria species in Uganda and the clinical figures of their severe diseases. It aims to elucidate the extent to which mono non-falciparum malaria infections in a highly malaria-endemic country contribute to malaria mortality and outline its policy implications on malaria case management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The available English-language published peer-reviewed literature up to March 2024 was sought via PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used were severe malaria, AND <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>, mixed infections AND Uganda. The review encompassed 53 articles. Articles using molecular diagnosis methods were accounted for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The literature reported a substantial prevalence of non-falciparum infections in Uganda. <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> spp<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> were the second and third most prevalent reported malaria species respectively after <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> as dominant species. Non-falciparum malaria infections often occur as mixed infections rather than mono-infections. Besides, molecular diagnostics revealed that 21% of initially reported mono-infections of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> were, in fact, mixed infections. No article was found on the prevalence of severe malaria or case fatality rate due to mixed or non-falciparum infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A critical knowledge gap exists regarding the impact of mixed and non-falciparum species on severe malaria and death in Uganda. Robust evidence on prevalence, recurrent parasitaemia, and severe clinical manifestations of mixed and non-falciparum malaria infections is crucial for evidence-based and effective policymaking regarding malaria case management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05023-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T06:02:12Z","timestamp":1720764132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Non-falciparum malaria infections in Uganda, does it matter? 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