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This study assesses the changes in the frequencies of <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> deletions (<jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>Del<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>Del<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, respectively) and the genes in their flaking regions, before and after RDT introduction in Equatorial Guinea.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 566 <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> samples were genotyped to assess the presence of <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> deletions and their flanking genes. The specimens were collected 18\u00a0years apart from two provinces of Equatorial Guinea, North Bioko (Insular Region) and Litoral Province (Continental Region). Orthologs of <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> genes from other closely related species were used to compare sequencing data to assess <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> evolution. Additionally, population structure was studied using seven neutral microsatellites.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study found that <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>Del and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>Del were present before the introduction of RDT; however, they increased in frequency after their use, reaching more than 15%. Haplotype networks suggested that <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>Del and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>Del emerged multiple times. Exon 2 of <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> genes had high variability, but there were no significant changes in amino acid sequences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Baseline sampling before deploying interventions provides a valuable context to interpret changes in genetic markers linked to their efficacy, such as the dynamic of deletions affecting RDT efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05036-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T19:02:02Z","timestamp":1721329322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in Equatorial Guinea between the pre\u2013 and post\u2013RDT introduction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Molina-de la Fuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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