{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:21:25Z","timestamp":1791231685127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"SC Johnson & Son Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Spatial repellents can provide personal and household protection against biting vector mosquitoes by volatizing repellents into the air within a given area. Mosquito Shield\u2122 is a transfluthrin passive emanator undergoing evaluation for malaria control. Studies evaluating its entomological impact against different local malaria vector populations would help guide its deployment in endemic countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A two-arm single-blinded small-scale household randomised entomological trial was conducted to assess the impact of Mosquito Shield\u2122 on the human landing rate of wild pyrethroid-resistant\n Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n sensu lato (\n s.l<\/jats:italic>\n .) vector mosquitoes in houses in the Ganhoua village of the Zakpota District of central Benin. From a total of 30 houses, 15 were randomly allocated to receive Mosquito Shield\u2122, while the remainder received a placebo product. The trial lasted through the life of the Mosquito Shield\u2122 product (32\u00a0days). Mosquito sampling was performed by human landing catches at baseline and at 6 timepoints post-intervention (days 0\u20131, 7\u20138, 14\u201315, 21\u201322, 28\u201329 and 31\u201332). Collections were performed for 2\u00a0nights at each sampling time point. WHO cylinder bioassays were conducted during the trial with F1\n An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes that emerged from larvae from the study area to assess the intensity of resistance to pyrethroids in the wild vector population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The vector population in the study area showed a high intensity of resistance to pyrethroids. Baseline\n An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n human landing rates were similar in houses in both study arms before product application (11.53\/person\/night vs 11.67\/person\/night, p\u2009>\u20090.05). A total of 5736 mosquitoes were collected in the placebo control arm and 3862 in the Mosquito Shield\u2122 arm post-intervention. Overall\n An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n post-intervention human landing rates were significantly lower in houses in the Mosquito Shield\u2122 arm (18.13\/person\/night) compared to the houses in the placebo control arm (26.84\/person\/night, IRR\u2009=\u20090.658, p\u2009<\u20090.001). Over the lifespan of the product, Mosquito Shield\u2122 provided a significant protective efficacy of 34.2% (22.1\u201344.4%, p\u2009<\u20090.001) against wild pyrethroid-resistant\n An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n vectors compared to the placebo. Human landing rates of other nuisance vector mosquito species (\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Mansonia<\/jats:italic>\n ) were also reduced in houses treated with Mosquito Shield\u2122 compared to the placebo.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Mosquito Shield\u2122, a transfluthrin passive emanator, provided significant protection against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors to households in Benin. The spatial repellent shows potential to reduce malaria transmission by pyrethroid-resistant\n An. gambiae s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n vector mosquitoes and cover gaps in malaria control when deployed to complement existing vector control interventions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05043-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T15:23:08Z","timestamp":1722439388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mosquito Shield\u2122, a transfluthrin passive emanator, protects against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato\u00a0in central Benin"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Augustin","family":"Fongnikin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juniace","family":"Ahoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Ndombidje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corneille","family":"Hueha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperantos","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Oti-Tossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Govoetchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Ngufor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"5043_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Weiss D, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. 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