{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:34:05Z","timestamp":1792211645453,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The RTS,S malaria vaccine has been prequalified for use in endemic settings prioritizing areas with moderate to high disease transmission. The impact of a vaccine at the population level may differ from observations during clinical trial due to programmatic, and individual-related factors, among others. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the RTS,S malaria vaccine on uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12\u201359\u00a0months in the Phase IV study districts, Upper East Region, Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted using routine malaria surveillance data for the period 2020\u20132022. The burden of uncomplicated malaria was compared between the implementing (Kasena Nankana East and West districts) and comparator areas (Builsa North and South districts). The impact of RTS,S malaria vaccine was assessed by estimating the percentage reduction in uncomplicated malaria and incidence averted in the implementing area, accounting for the effect of confounders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Over 50,000 episodes of uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12\u201359\u00a0months were included in the study. Uncomplicated malaria was reduced by 33% (95%CI 29\u201336) over the entire study period, but the malaria incidence averted declined from 324\/1,000 (95% CI 298\u2013339; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in 2020 to 287\/1000 (95% CI 274\u2013299; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in 2022.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The RTS,S malaria vaccine significantly reduced the burden of uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12\u201359\u00a0months in the implementing area. The sequential marginal declines in malaria incidence averted over the study period might be due to waning of protective immunity and acquisition of natural immunity as children age. Strengthening uptake of the\u00a0currently recommended vaccines and other malaria control interventions is required to improve public health impact.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1728532947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The impact of the RTS,S malaria vaccine on uncomplicated malaria: evidence from the phase IV study districts, Upper East Region, Ghana, 2020\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael Rockson","family":"Adjei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiq","family":"Okine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Ofori","family":"Tweneboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet Vanessa","family":"Baafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana Akua","family":"Afriyie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Akwoulo Agyigewe","family":"Teviu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephat Ana-Imwine","family":"Nyuzaghl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Kofi","family":"Dzotsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally-Ann","family":"Ohene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Peter","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5123_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023. Accessed: 12 July 2024"},{"key":"5123_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03267-9","volume":"19","author":"R Shretta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shretta R, Silal SP, Malm K, Mohammed W, Narh J, Piccinini D, et al. Estimating the risk of declining funding for malaria in Ghana: the case for continued investment in the malaria response. Malar J. 2020;19:196.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5123_CR3","unstructured":"Target Malaria. Context of our work. Available: https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/about-us\/where-we-operate\/ghana\/#:~:text=Malaria%20is%20both%20endemic%20and,with%2011%2C557%20estimated%20deaths%20recorded. Accessed: 12 July 2024"},{"key":"5123_CR4","unstructured":"WHO. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030. 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Malar J. 2023;22:46.","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T16:07:11Z","timestamp":1728576431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-024-05123-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was sought from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (ID number: GHS-ERC 002\/10\/23). Administrative permission was obtained from the Upper East Regional Health Directorate for collection and use of the institutional data. Patient names and\/or identifiers were anonymized to ensure privacy and confidentiality. The data were stored on a computer protected with a password and used specifically for the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"MRA, RO, POT, and S-AO are affiliated to\u00a0the World Health Organization. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication, and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the World Health Organization.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}],"article-number":"305"}}