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CRID IG2 Mibellon; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-033) and Comit\u00e9 national d\u2019\u00e9thique de la recherche pour la sant\u00e9 humaine, Cameroon (Ref: 2021\/07\/1372\/CE\/CNERSH\/SP). CRID IG2 Elende; Comit\u00e9 national d\u2019\u00e9thique de la recherche pour la sant\u00e9 humaine, Cameroon (Ref: 2021\/07\/1372\/CE\/CNERSH\/SP). CSRS IG2; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-033) and National ethics committee of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (Ref: 069-21\/MSHP\/CNESVS-km). IPR IG2; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-033) and Ivorian Ministry of Health (N\u00b0 12\/MSHP\/CNESVS-kp2021). NIMR IG2; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-033) and NatHREC, National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania (NIMR\/HQ\/R.8a\/Vol. IX\/3763). CRID Vector Guard; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-077) and Comit\u00e9 national d\u2019\u00e9thique de la recherche pour la sant\u00e9 humaine, Cameroon (Ref: N_2021\/07\/1372\/CE\/CNERSH\/SP). CSRS Vector Guard; LSTM, UK (Ref: 21-077) and National ethics committee of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (Ref: 201-21\/MSHPCMU\/CNESVS-km). KCMUCo IG2 & IVC-5743; The use of cows in experimental hut studies has been reviewed by the LSHTM Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Board (AWERB), and Tanzania\u2019s National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR\/HQ\/R.8a\/Vol.IX\/1656).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}