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This study evaluated LLIN coverage two years after a mass distribution in central C\u00f4te d'Ivoire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A census was conducted in 43 villages. Data were collected on household geo-position, composition, number of sleeping units and LLINs owned. LLIN coverage was assessed using: 1\/ownership; proportion of household with at least one LLIN; 2\/household access; households with sufficient nets for every two persons and for every sleeping unit; and 3\/population access; proportion of population with access to LLIN within households and sleeping units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10,630 households (89.6% response rate) and 46,619 inhabitants were recruited. Household LLIN ownership was 63.8% (95% CI: 58.7\u201368.8). Household LLIN access was 37.6% (95% CI: 33.2\u201342.0) based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 37.1% (95% CI: 33.0\u201341.2) based on 1 net per sleeping unit. Population LLIN access based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 1 net per sleeping space was 53.3% (95% CI: 48.6\u201358.1) and 49.4% (95% CI: 45.1\u201353.6), respectively. Approximately 17% of households with access for every 2 persons did not have access by every sleeping unit and 9.7% of households with access by sleeping unit did not have access for every 2 persons. Households with adequate access by sleeping unit but not for every 2 persons tend to be larger with fewer sleeping units, and have children under 5\u00a0years old and female members. The largest households (&gt;7 members) and households with at least one under-five member had the lowest access (20.8 and 27.3%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLIN access was low in this area of intense indoor malaria transmission, 2\u00a0years after the last mass distribution campaign. Strategies are needed to improve LLINs coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T01:50:16Z","timestamp":1743299416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of household coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets in central C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Colette","family":"Sih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge B.","family":"Assi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Dangbenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manisha A.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alphonsine A.","family":"Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludovic P. 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PLoS ONE. 2023;18: e0291755.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T01:51:50Z","timestamp":1743299510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05335-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4473800\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The \u201cEfficacy of chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid and PBO synergist-pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs for malaria control in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: a three group, cluster-randomised trial\u201d trial received ethics approval from the Ministry of Health of Ivory Coast\u2019s institutional review board (Ref: 002-23\/MSHPCMU\/CNESVS-km) and the institutional review board of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Ref: 28390). Written informed consent was obtained from all hamlet leaders and household heads after presenting detailed information on this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"104"}}