{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:32:30Z","timestamp":1757619150451,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T10:35:04Z","timestamp":1752834904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of anti-malarial treatment for elimination of malaria in South West Ethiopia: a concurrent triangulation design for prompt decision"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mathewos Alemu","family":"Gebremichael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wondwossen","family":"Niguse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girma","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bezuayehu","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephrem","family":"Negeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Temam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haile","family":"Zewude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamerat","family":"Bogale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endale","family":"Sahile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erkyihun","family":"Pawlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5396_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Malaria [Internet]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malaria. Accessed 5 April 2025."},{"key":"5396_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Day 2024 [Internet]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2024. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/www.who.int\/campaigns\/world-malaria-day\/2024&ved=2ahUKEwjK776xtO-HAxVjRKQEHQ5KHtgQFnoECDEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1v852rcNc1HITF0eo2esDZ. Accessed 12 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR3","unstructured":"WHO. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2021. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/rest\/bitstreams\/1357541\/retrieve"},{"key":"5396_CR4","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health . An epidemiological profile of malaria in Ethiopia [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2014. https:\/\/web-archive.lshtm.ac.uk\/www.linkmalaria.org\/sites\/link\/files\/content\/country\/profiles\/Ethiopia%20Epi%20Report%20(240314).pdf. Accessed 12 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6697294","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6697294","volume":"2021","author":"Y Tegegne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tegegne Y, Worede A, Derso A, Ambachew S. The prevalence of malaria among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parasitol Res. 2021;2021:6697294.","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5396_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S241590","volume":"12","author":"DR Tefera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tefera DR, Sinkie SO, Daka DW. Economic burden of malaria and associated factors among rural households in Chewaka District, Western Ethiopia. ClinicoEcon Outcomes Res. 2020;12:141\u201352.","journal-title":"ClinicoEcon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"5396_CR7","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP). [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/www.moh.gov.et\/en\/initiatives-4-col\/National_Malaria_Elimination_Program%3Flanguage_content_entity%3Den&ved=2ahUKEwj33Zel4uSGAxUHVPEDHRssDwMQFnoECBAQAw&usg=AOvVaw3hpHAfh6gbJeY94J8Tp. Accessed 12 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR8","unstructured":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Monitoring Human Settlements Indicators sustainable development goals (SDGs). 2020;26\u20138."},{"key":"5396_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1153-5","volume":"15","author":"C Bawate","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bawate C, Callender-Carter ST, Nsajju B, Bwayo D. Factors affecting adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines in management of malaria among public healthcare workers in Kamuli District, Uganda. Malar J. 2016;15:112.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2577-x","volume":"17","author":"H Kaula","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaula H, Kiconco S, Nu\u00f1ez L. Cross-sectional study on the adherence to malaria guidelines in lakeshore facilities of Buyende and Kaliro districts, Uganda. Malar J. 2018;17:432.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04048-2","volume":"21","author":"A Mpimbaza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mpimbaza A, Babikako H, Rutazanna D, Karamagi C, Ndeezi G, Katahoire A, et al. Adherence to malaria management guidelines by health care workers in the Busoga sub-region, eastern Uganda. Malar J. 2022;21:25.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002220","volume":"3","author":"D Bulafu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bulafu D, Nagawa Tamale B, Ninsiima LR, Baguma JN, Namakula LN, et al. Adherence to malaria treatment guidelines among health care workers in private health facilities in Kampala\u2019s informal settlements, Uganda. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2023;3: e0002220.","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"5396_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279712","volume":"18","author":"EE Agbemafle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agbemafle EE, Addo-Lartey A, Odikro MA, Frimpong JA, Kubio C, Ameme DK, et al. Adherence to the test, treat and track strategy for malaria control among prescribers, Mfantseman Municipality, Central Region. Ghana PLoS One. 2023;18: e0279712.","journal-title":"Ghana PLoS One"},{"key":"5396_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1423-2","volume":"15","author":"MP Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah MP, Briggs-Hagen M, Chinkhumba J, Bauleni A, Chalira A, Moyo D, et al. Adherence to national guidelines for the diagnosis and management of severe malaria: a nationwide, cross-sectional survey in Malawi, 2012. Malar J. 2016;15:369.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04379-0","volume":"21","author":"MD Argaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Argaw MD, Mavundla TR, Gidebo KD, Desta BF, Damte HD, Mebratu W, et al. Adherence of healthcare providers to malaria case management guidelines of the formal private sector in north-western Ethiopia: an implication for malaria control and elimination. Malar J. 2022;21:347.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04206-6","volume":"21","author":"Y Gindola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gindola Y, Getahun D, Sugerman D, Tongren E, Tokarz R, Wossen M, et al. Adherence to national malaria clinical management and testing guidelines in selected private clinics of Gambela Town, Gambela Region, Ethiopia: a mixed method study. Malar J. 2022;21:164.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR17","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. Malaria Operational Plan FY 2023 [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/d1u4sg1s9ptc4z.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2023\/01\/FY-2023-Ethiopia-MOP.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjQofiLkvSHAxXfTKQEHVxpGokQFnoECBIQAw&usg=AOvVaw2_BtLRDbVh_W2entnGVkqF"},{"key":"5396_CR18","unstructured":"Federal Mistry of Health. National Malaria Guideline 2022 [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/national-malaria-guideline-2022pdf\/259469923&ved=2ahUKEwjwy62Mk_SHAxWFVKQEHc6PAl0QFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3Gl62ypKuGprTBFRDlxziR."},{"key":"5396_CR19","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. Ethiopia Health Private Sector Assessment. White Paper. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019."},{"key":"5396_CR20","unstructured":"Wikipedia. South West Ethiopia Peoples\u2019 Region [Internet]. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_West_Ethiopia_Peoples%2527_Region&ved=2ahUKEwigiqbX3oWIAxWQEmIAHeHYMTAQFnoECBYQAw&usg=AOvVaw3iGQ7cR1ecXInXLB0x8SgD. Accessed 21 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR21","unstructured":"South West Region [Internet]. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=http:\/\/www.moa.gov.et\/drs\/index.php\/en\/services\/south-west-region&ved=2ahUKEwiFqer84IWIAxWdVqQEHfM7COIQFnoECBYQAw&usg=AOvVaw3XQB85piKDtQKYWksOrtXm. Accessed 21 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR22","unstructured":"South West Region Ethiopia Region Population Statistics. 2022 [Internet]. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/en\/ethiopia\/admin\/ET09__south_west\/&ved=2ahUKEwi3_MHj24WIAxVHTKQEHY-7CI0QFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2vP13CZt-0kfviNq9COhGP. Accessed 21 Aug 2024."},{"key":"5396_CR23","unstructured":"The Aga Khan Foundation. Primary health care advancement programme: assessing the quality of service. 2nd edn. Washington DC, 1997."},{"key":"5396_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/104973239500500201","volume":"5","author":"JM Morse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morse JM. The significance of saturation. Qual Health Res. 1995;5:147\u20139.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"5396_CR25","volume-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","author":"EG Guba","year":"1985","unstructured":"Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications; 1985."},{"key":"5396_CR26","first-page":"77","volume":"23","author":"RJ Emlan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Emlan RJ. Multimethod research: a search for understanding. Clin Aphasiol. 1995;23:77\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Aphasiol"},{"key":"5396_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Thousand Oaks: SAGE; 1985.","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"5396_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0075","volume":"6","author":"HD Shewade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shewade HD, Govindarajan S, Thekkur P, Palanivel C, Muthaiah M, Kumar AM, et al. MDR-TB in Puducherry, India: reduction in attrition and turnaround time in the diagnosis and treatment pathway. Public Health Action. 2016;6:242\u20136.","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"5396_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3495-x","volume":"16","author":"OF Bamiselu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bamiselu OF, Ajayi I, Fawole O, Dairo D, Ajumobi O, Oladimeji A, et al. Adherence to malaria diagnosis and treatment guidelines among healthcare workers in Ogun State, Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:828.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5396_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na\u2019uzo AM, Tukur D, Sufiyan MA, Stephen AA, Ajayi I, Bamgboye E, et al Adherence to malaria rapid diagnostic test result among healthcare workers in Sokoto metropolis Nigeria. Malar J 2020;19:2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3094-2"},{"key":"5396_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1402-7","volume":"15","author":"MD Argaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Argaw MD, Woldegiorgis AG, Abate DT, Abebe ME. Improved malaria case management in formal private sector through public private partnership in Ethiopia: retrospective descriptive study. Malar J. 2016;15:352.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04379-0","volume":"21","author":"MD Argaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Argaw MD, Mavundla TR, Gidebo KD, Desta BF, Damte HD, Mebratu W, Edossa W, Dillu D, Mitiku AD, Desale AY. Adherence of healthcare providers to malaria case management guidelines of the formal private sector in north-western Ethiopia: an implication for malaria control and elimination. Malar J. 2022;21:347.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR33","first-page":"1918583","volume":"2020","author":"A Budimu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Budimu A, Emidi B, Mkumbaye S, Kajeguka DC. Adherence, awareness, access, and use of standard diagnosis and treatment guideline for malaria case management among healthcare workers in Meatu. Tanzania J Trop Med. 2020;2020:1918583.","journal-title":"Tanzania J Trop Med"},{"key":"5396_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-04998-9","volume":"23","author":"S Khalid Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalid Mohamed S, Khalid Mohamed D, Ahmed K, Saad F, Zurovac D. Health workers\u2019 adherence to malaria case management protocols in Northern Sudan: a qualitative study. Malar J. 2024;23:170.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5396_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04365-6","volume":"21","author":"AS Kolekang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kolekang AS, Afrane Y, Apanga S, Zurovac D, Kwarteng A, Afari-Asiedu S, et al. Challenges with adherence to the \u2018test, treat, and track\u2019malaria case management guideline among prescribers in Ghana. Malar J. 2022;21:332.","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T14:09:22Z","timestamp":1757254162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05396-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2875"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRB) of the Mizan-Tepi University of Ethiopia and the South West Ethiopian Regional State Health Bureau, Research and community directorate services directorate with the reference number (Ref:12003\/29\/2016). Supporting letters were written from the South West Ethiopian Regional State Health Bureau to all zones. Accordingly, the respective health departments wrote support letters to each selected district health office and health offices to the respective health centres. Furthermore, all health centres agreed and allowed the medical documents of malaria patients to be reviewed, and participants of the qualitative study were informed and signed the consent forms to participate in the IDIs. To maintain the confidentiality of collected data, anonymity was maintained throughout the research process and the principles outlined in the\u00a0Declaration of Helsinki\u00a0were followed [].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"237"}}