{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:07:14Z","timestamp":1793326034931,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 scientific research project of the Chinese Nursing Association","award":["ZHKY202306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHKY202306"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province","award":["B202314057251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B202314057251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T03:29:04Z","timestamp":1753241344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Individual and community-level correlates of optimal doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Tanzania: a multilevel analysis of the 2022 national survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elihuruma Eliufoo","family":"Stephano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yusheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Wiswa","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Mathew","family":"Kibusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mtoro J.","family":"Mtoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5482_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101073","volume":"6","author":"P Venkatesan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Venkatesan P. WHO world malaria report 2024. Lancet Microbe. 2025;6: 101073.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"5482_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2024 . 2024. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2024. Accessed 16 Jun 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04484-8","volume":"22","author":"S Anjorin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anjorin S, Okolie E, Yaya S. Malaria profile and socioeconomic predictors among under-five children: an analysis of 11 sub-Saharan African countries. Malar J. 2023;22:55.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294893","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1294893","volume":"5","author":"DJ Matanda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matanda DJ, Zulu T, Odwe G, Okoth O, Nakuya Z. Experiences of young mothers with the uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in the Lake endemic region, Kenya. Front Glob Womens Health. 2024;5:1294893.","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"key":"5482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.12.014","volume":"121","author":"EM McClure","year":"2013","unstructured":"McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Dent AE, Meshnick SR. A systematic review of the impact of malaria prevention in pregnancy on low birth weight and maternal anemia. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2013;121:103\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101474","volume":"62","author":"P Satapathy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Satapathy P, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Sharma RK, Rustagi S, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in maternal malarial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. New Microbes New Infect. 2024;62: 101474.","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"5482_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30099-7","volume":"4","author":"M Saito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saito M, Briand V, Min AM, McGready R. Deleterious effects of malaria in pregnancy on the developing fetus: a review on prevention and treatment with antimalarial drugs. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:761\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5482_CR8","unstructured":"WHO. A woman dies every two minutes due to pregnancy or childbirth: UN agencies . Geneva, World Health Organization, 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/23-02-2023-a-woman-dies-every-two-minutes-due-to-pregnancy-or-childbirth--un-agencies. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03703-4","volume":"20","author":"T Rouamba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rouamba T, Samadoulougou S, Ou\u00e9draogo M, Hien H, Tinto H, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Asymptomatic malaria and anaemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013 and 2017. Malar J. 2021;20:211.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR10","first-page":"39","volume":"80","author":"CJ Uneke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uneke CJ. Impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria on pregnancy and perinatal outcome in sub-Saharan Africa. Yale J Biol Med. 2007;80:39\u201350.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"5482_CR11","volume-title":"Encycl malar","author":"M Desai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desai M, Cot M. Epidemiology of malaria during pregnancy: burden and impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on maternal and infant health. In: Hommel M, Kremsner PG, editors. Encycl malar. New York: Springer; 2014."},{"key":"5482_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001061","volume":"2","author":"GR Gore-Langton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gore-Langton GR, Cano J, Simpson H, Tatem A, Tejedor-Garavito N, Wigley A, et al. Global estimates of pregnancies at risk of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection in 2020 and changes in risk patterns since 2000. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2022;2: e0001061.","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"5482_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03883-z","volume":"20","author":"L Bakken","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakken L, Iversen PO. The impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in East-Africa: a topical review. Malar J. 2021;20:348.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR14","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2023 . Geneva, World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240086173. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofae609","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae609","volume":"11","author":"DA Petro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petro DA, Shaban N, Aaron S, Chacky F, Lazaro S, Boni MF, et al. Geospatial analysis of malaria burden in Kagera Region, Northwestern Tanzania using health facility and community survey data. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11:ofae609.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"5482_CR16","unstructured":"National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children. National malaria strategic plan 2021\u20132025: transitioning to malaria elimination in phases. 2020. https:\/\/www.nmcp.go.tz\/storage\/app\/uploads\/public\/643\/916\/391\/6439163912677679591851.pdf."},{"key":"5482_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-79","volume":"7","author":"K Anders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anders K, Marchant T, Chambo P, Mapunda P, Reyburn H. Timing of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy and the implications of current policy on early uptake in north-east Tanzania. Malar J. 2008;7:79.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04679-z","volume":"22","author":"G Odwe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Odwe G, Matanda DJ, Zulu T, Kizito S, Okoth O, Kangwana B. Women\u2019s empowerment and uptake of sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy: results from a cross-sectional baseline survey in the Lake endemic region, Kenya. Malar J. 2023;22:241.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3759","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1355","volume":"73","author":"CPA Hounkonnou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hounkonnou CPA, Ndam NT, Fievet N, Accrombessi M, Yovo E, Mama A, et al. Suboptimal intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is associated with an increased risk of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study in Benin. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;73:e3759\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7080152","volume":"7","author":"A Figueroa-Romero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Figueroa-Romero A, Pons-Duran C, Gonzalez R. Drugs for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: current knowledge and way forward. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022;7:152.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"5482_CR21","unstructured":"Intermittent preventative treatment to reduce the risk of malaria during pregnancy. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/elena\/interventions\/iptp-pregnancy. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03234-4","volume":"19","author":"WP Mikomangwa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mikomangwa WP, Minzi O, Mutagonda R, Baraka V, Mlugu EM, Aklillu E, et al. Effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses for prevention of malaria during pregnancy in hypoendemic area in Tanzania. Malar J. 2020;19:160.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04112","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04112","volume":"14","author":"X Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu X, Liang D, Zhao J, Mpembeni R, Olenja J, Yam EL, et al. The readiness of malaria services and uptake of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in six sub-Saharan countries. J Glob Health. 2024;14:04112.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"5482_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2592-0","volume":"19","author":"WM Mchwampaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mchwampaka WM, Tarimo D, Chacky F, Mohamed A, Kishimba R, Samwel A. Factors affecting uptake of \u2265 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy in selected health facilities, Arusha region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:440.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"5482_CR25","unstructured":"WHO. Global report on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors: 2010\u20132016. Geneva, World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241514057. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.21.23297352","author":"OJ Watson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Watson OJ, Tran TNA, Zupko RJ, Symons T, Thomson R, Visser T, et al. Global risk of selection and spread of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions. MedRxiv Prepr Serv Health Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.10.21.23297352.","journal-title":"MedRxiv Prepr Serv Health Sci"},{"key":"5482_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03616-2","volume":"20","author":"V Mushi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mushi V, Mbotwa CH, Zacharia A, Ambrose T, Moshi FV. Predictors for the uptake of optimal doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Tanzania: further analysis of the data of the 2015\u20132016 Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey. Malar J. 2021;20:75.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04501-w","volume":"22","author":"YN Agyeman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agyeman YN, Bassoumah B, Owusu-Marfo J. Predictors of optimal uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and outcome of pregnancy in selected health facilities: a cross-sectional study in Northern Ghana. Malar J. 2023;22:80.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00887-4","volume":"10","author":"JA Mutanyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mutanyi JA, Onguru DO, Ogolla SO, Adipo LB. Determinants of the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine in Sabatia Sub County, Western Kenya. Infect Dis Poverty. 2021;10:106.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"5482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2862-3","volume":"18","author":"S Bajaria","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bajaria S, Festo C, Mrema S, Shabani J, Hertzmark E, Abdul R. Assessment of the impact of availability and readiness of malaria services on uptake of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) provided during ANC visits in Tanzania. Malar J. 2019;18:229.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR31","unstructured":"Ministry of Health [Tanzania Mainland], Ministry of Health [Zanzibar], National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), and ICF. Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey 2022 key indicators report. Dodoma, Tanzania, Rockville, USA; 2023."},{"key":"5482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7336","volume":"36","author":"PC Austin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Austin PC, Merlo J. Intermediate and advanced topics in multilevel logistic regression analysis. Stat Med. 2017;36:3257\u201377.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"5482_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000176","volume":"2","author":"E Patouillard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patouillard E, Griffin J, Bhatt S, Ghani A, Cibulskis R. Global investment targets for malaria control and elimination between 2016 and 2030. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2: e000176.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"5482_CR34","unstructured":"The RBM partnership to end malaria launches youth Workstream to empower the next generation in malaria elimination. https:\/\/endmalaria.org\/news\/rbm-partnership-end-malaria-launches-youth-workstream-empower-next-generation-malaria. Accessed 26 Feb 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52927-2","volume":"14","author":"OS Adeojo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adeojo OS, Fayehun O. Determinants of the optimal uptake of sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine doses for intermittent treatment of malaria in pregnancy in urban Nigeria. Sci Rep. 2024;14:19097.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5482_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i3.15","volume":"15","author":"R Ndeserua","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ndeserua R, Juma A, Mosha D, Chilongola J. Risk factors for placental malaria and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes in Rufiji, Tanzania: a hospital based cross sectional study. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15:810\u20138.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"5482_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-455","volume":"13","author":"FJ Mpogoro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mpogoro FJ, Matovelo D, Dosani A, Ngallaba S, Mugono M, Mazigo HD. Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: a cross-sectional study in Geita district, North-Western Tanzania. Malar J. 2014;13:455.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03230-8","volume":"19","author":"MK Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin MK, Venantius KB, Patricia N, Bernard K, Keith B, Allen K, et al. Correlates of uptake of optimal doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria during pregnancy in East-Central Uganda. Malar J. 2020;19:153.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047606","volume":"11","author":"EK Ameyaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ameyaw EK, Njue C, Amoah RM, Appiah F, Baatiema L, Ahinkorah BO, et al. Is improvement in indicators of women\u2019s empowerment associated with uptake of WHO recommended IPTp-SP levels in sub-Saharan Africa? A multilevel approach. BMJ Open. 2021;11: e047606.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"5482_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v6i2.692","volume":"6","author":"TJ Masoi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masoi TJ, Moshi FV, Tungaraza MB. Factors associated with uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy. Analysis of data from the Tanzania 2015\u20132016 Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. East Afr Health Res J. 2022;6:134\u201340.","journal-title":"East Afr Health Res J."},{"key":"5482_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v4i1.625","volume":"4","author":"E Nkunzimana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nkunzimana E, Babale MS. Knowledge and utilization of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women in Muramvya Health District, Burundi, 2018. East Afr Health Res J. 2020;4:81\u201391.","journal-title":"East Afr Health Res J"},{"key":"5482_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06989-9","volume":"24","author":"E Eliufoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eliufoo E, Majengo V, Tian Y, Bintabara D, Moshi F, Li Y. Determinants of adequate antenatal care visits among pregnant women in low-resource setting: evidence from Tanzania national survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24:790.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"5482_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1456","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00228-6","volume":"12","author":"K Koita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koita K, Kayentao K, Worrall E, Eijk AMV, Hill J. Community-based strategies to increase coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, meta-ethnography, and economic assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12:e1456\u201369.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"5482_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04472-y","volume":"22","author":"F Abbas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abbas F, Kigadye E, Mohamed F, Khamis M, Mbaraka J, Serbantez N, et al. Socio-demographic trends in malaria knowledge and implications for behaviour change interventions in Zanzibar. Malar J. 2023;22:39.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5482_CR45","unstructured":"Tropical Health Matters. Low prevalence of placental malaria infection among pregnant women in Zanzibar: policy implications for IPTp. http:\/\/malariamatters.org\/low-prevalence-of-placental-malaria-infection-among-pregnant-women-in-zanzibar-policy-implications-for-iptp\/. Accessed 18 Jun 2025."},{"key":"5482_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1645\/17-141","volume":"105","author":"SS Diarra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diarra SS, Konat\u00e9 D, Diawara SI, Tall M, Diakit\u00e9 M, Doumbia S. Factors associated with intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. J Parasitol. 2019;105:299\u2013302.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5482_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313087","volume":"19","author":"MDNH Nishan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nishan MDNH, Akter K. Coverage and determinants of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) in Cameroon, Guinea, Mali, and Nigeria. PLoS ONE. 2024;19: e0313087.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T18:25:33Z","timestamp":1757269533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05482-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study is based on the publicly available 2022 TDHS datasets, which are accessible online and have been de-identified. The initial survey was approved by the National Institute of Medical Research Ethics Committee in Tanzania and the ICF Macro Ethics Committee in Calverton, New York. We obtained permission to use the DHS data from MEASURE Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys after submitting a request outlining our data analysis plan. We downloaded the dataset from the DHS Program\u2019s website upon receiving approval. Informed consent was obtained from participants prior to the interviews. All methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"240"}}