{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:18:54Z","timestamp":1792124334298,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1762424681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Untangling choices: how awareness and socio-economic status shape malaria vaccination decisions among Ghanaian women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Kwame","family":"Ansah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampson","family":"Tackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Killian Asampana","family":"Asosega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassim","family":"Tawiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baaba Abassawah","family":"Danquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampson Takyi","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhodaline Abena","family":"Twum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Omane-Adjepong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5613_CR1","volume-title":"State of inequality: childhood immunization","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. State of inequality: childhood immunization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"5613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11810-9","volume":"21","author":"E Touray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Touray E, Barrow A, Kinteh B, Badjie M, Nget M, Touray J, et al. Childhood vaccination uptake and associated factors among children 12\u201323 months in rural settings of the Gambia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1740.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5613_CR3","volume-title":"WHO guide for standardization of economic evaluations of immunization programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guide for standardization of economic evaluations of immunization programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"5613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141295S303","volume":"129","author":"M Chan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chan M. The contribution of immunization: saving millions of lives, and more. Public Health Rep. 2014;129:7\u20138.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"5613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00377-3","volume":"21","author":"J Ehreth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ehreth J. The value of vaccination: a global perspective. Vaccine. 2003;21:4105\u201317.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5613_CR6","unstructured":"United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels & trends in child mortality: report 2019, estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. 2019. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/79371\/file\/UN-IGME-child-mortality-report-2020.pdf."},{"key":"5613_CR7","volume-title":"Regional strategic plan for immunization 2014\u20132020","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. Regional strategic plan for immunization 2014\u20132020. Brazzaville: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa; 2015."},{"key":"5613_CR8","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Service, ORC Macro. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service. 2009."},{"key":"5613_CR9","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), ICF International. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville: GSS, GHS, and ICF International. 2015."},{"key":"5613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw518","volume":"215","author":"VC Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris VC, Armah G, Fuentes S, Korpela KE, Parashar U, Victor JC, et al. Significant correlation between the infant gut microbiome and rotavirus vaccine response in rural Ghana. J Infect Dis. 2017;215:34\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-04343-7","volume":"612","author":"C Willyard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Willyard C. The slow roll-out of the world\u2019s first malaria vaccine. Nature. 2022;612:48\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5613_CR12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC-Malaria-Malaria Worldwide-how can malaria cases and deaths be reduced. Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets. 2021."},{"key":"5613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00943-0","volume":"397","author":"MS Datoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datoo MS, Natama MH, Som\u00e9 A, Traor\u00e9 O, Rouamba T, Bellamy D, et al. Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397:1809\u201318.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02511-4","volume":"403","author":"MS Datoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Datoo MS, Dicko A, Tinto H, Ou\u00e9draogo JB, Hamaluba M, Olotu A, et al. Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21\/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2024;403:533\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5613_CR15","volume-title":"WHO recommends R21\/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO recommends R21\/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023."},{"key":"5613_CR16","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Ghana has expanded the malaria vaccine exercise. Accra: Ministry of Health; c2024. 2024. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.gh\/ghana-has-expanded-the-malaria-vaccine-exercise\/."},{"key":"5613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296934","volume":"19","author":"SA Saaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saaka SA, Mohammed K, Pienaah CA, Luginaah I. Child malaria vaccine uptake in Ghana: factors influencing parents\u2019 willingness to allow vaccination of their children under five years. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0296934.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04168-9","volume":"21","author":"J Grant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grant J, Gyan T, Agbokey F, Webster J, Greenwood B, Asante KP. Challenges and lessons learned during the planning and early implementation of the RTS, S\/AS01E malaria vaccine in three regions of Ghana: a qualitative study. Malar J. 2022;21:147.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288686","volume":"18","author":"V Bam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bam V, Mohammed A, Kusi-Amponsah A, Armah J, Lomotey AY, Budu HI, et al. Caregivers\u2019 perception and acceptance of malaria vaccine for children. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0288686.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03550-9","volume":"20","author":"D Tabiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabiri D, Ou\u00e9draogo JC, Nortey PA. Factors associated with malaria vaccine uptake in Sunyani Municipality. Ghana Malar J. 2021;20:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Ghana Malar J"},{"key":"5613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.00168","volume":"68","author":"WA Brock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brock WA, Durlauf SN. Discrete choice with social interactions. Rev Econ Stud. 2001;68:235\u201360.","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"key":"5613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10582","volume":"96","author":"SN Durlauf","year":"1999","unstructured":"Durlauf SN. How can statistical mechanics contribute to social science? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:10582\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(01)00184-6","volume":"46","author":"W Brock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brock W, Durlauf SN. Discrete choice with social interactions I: theory. J Econ Behav Organ. 2001;46:1\u201325.","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"key":"5613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87708-2","volume-title":"Mathematical foundations of neuroscience","author":"B Ermentrout","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ermentrout B, Terman DH. Mathematical foundations of neuroscience. New York: Springer; 2010."},{"key":"5613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/1938740","volume":"73","author":"P Turchin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Turchin P, Taylor AD. Complex dynamics in ecological time series. Ecology. 1992;73:289\u2013305.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"5613_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2307\/2010422","volume":"44","author":"T Kuran","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kuran T. Now out of never: the element of surprise in the East European revolution of 1989. World Polit. 1991;44:7\u201348.","journal-title":"World Polit"},{"key":"5613_CR27","unstructured":"Gallo I. An equilibrium approach to modelling social interaction. arXiv 2009;arXiv:0907.2561."},{"key":"5613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202509003863","author":"AA Opoku","year":"2019","unstructured":"Opoku AA, Osabutey G, Kwofie C. Parameter evaluation for a statistical mechanical model for binary choice with social interaction. J Probab Stat. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218202509003863.","journal-title":"J Probab Stat"},{"key":"5613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300431","volume":"19","author":"RK Ansah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ansah RK, Tackie S, Twum RA, Tawiah K, Boadi RK, Addo DA, et al. The relationship between Anaemia and the use of treated bed nets among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ghana. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0300431.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9904","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09904","volume":"5","author":"R Burioni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burioni R, Contucci P, Fedele M, Vernia C, Vezzani A. Enhancing participation to health screening campaigns by group interactions. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9904.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7384053","volume":"2020","author":"G Osabutey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osabutey G, Opoku AA, Gyamfi S. A statistical mechanics approach to the study of energy use behaviour. J Appl Math. 2020;2020:1\u20134.","journal-title":"J Appl Math"},{"key":"5613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400868681","volume-title":"Mathematical statistical mechanics","author":"CJ Thompson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson CJ. Mathematical statistical mechanics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 2015."},{"key":"5613_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21054-4","volume-title":"Introduction to the theory of soft matter: from ideal gases to liquid crystals","author":"JV Selinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selinger JV. Introduction to the theory of soft matter: from ideal gases to liquid crystals. Berlin: Springer International Publishing; 2016."},{"key":"5613_CR34","volume-title":"The DHS program: demographic and health surveys","author":"DH Measure","year":"2016","unstructured":"Measure DH. The DHS program: demographic and health surveys. Rockville: ICF Macro; 2016."},{"key":"5613_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09169-4","volume":"20","author":"JB Bangura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bangura JB, Xiao S, Qiu D, Ouyang F, Chen L. Barriers to childhood immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1108.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5613_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003773","author":"EK Ameyaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ameyaw EK, Kareem YO, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Yaya S. Decomposing the rural-urban gap in factors associated with childhood immunisation in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from surveys in 23 countries. BMJ Glob Health. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003773.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"5613_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280065","volume":"18","author":"D Yeboah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yeboah D, Boah M, Adokiya MN. Caregivers\u2019 use of insecticide-treated nets is associated with the use of ITNs by children under the age of five in Ghana. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0280065.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"P Contucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Contucci P, Gallo IA. Bipartite mean field spin systems. Exist Solut MPEJ. 2008;14:1\u201322.","journal-title":"Exist Solut MPEJ"},{"key":"5613_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.51","volume":"2","author":"H Abdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abdi H. Partial least squares regression and projection on latent structure regression (PLS Regression). Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat. 2010;2:97\u2013106.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat"},{"key":"5613_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040380","volume":"12","author":"AD Nyalundja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nyalundja AD, Bugeme PM, Guillaume AS, Ntaboba AB, Hatu\u2019m VU, Tamuzi JL, et al. Socio-demographic factors influencing malaria vaccine acceptance for under-five children in a malaria-endemic region: a community-based study in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Vaccines. 2024;12:380.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"5613_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw518","volume":"215","author":"VC Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris VC, Armah G, Fuentes S, Korpela KE, Parashar U, Victor JC, et al. Significant correlation between the infant gut microbiome and rotavirus vaccine response in rural Ghana. J Infect Dis. 2017;215:34\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5613_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00377-3","volume":"21","author":"J Ehreth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ehreth J. The value of vaccination: a global perspective. Vaccine. 2003;21:4105\u201317.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5613_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296934","volume":"19","author":"SA Saaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saaka SA, Mohammed K, Pienaah KA, Luginaah I. Child malaria vaccine uptake in Ghana: factors influencing parents\u2019 willingness to allow vaccination of their children under five years. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0296934.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040380","volume":"12","author":"AD Nyalundja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nyalundja AD, Bugeme PM, Guillaume AS, Ntaboba AB, Hatu\u2019m VU, Tamuzi JL, et al. Socio-demographic factors influencing malaria vaccine acceptance for under-five children in a malaria-endemic region: a community-based study in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Vaccines. 2024;12:380.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"5613_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01616-9","volume":"15","author":"PO Adoma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adoma PO, Acquah F, Yakubu A, Cudjoe L, Achiam WK, Agorinya IA. Community engagement in promoting malaria vaccine uptake for children under five. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):26711.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5613_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296934","volume":"19","author":"SA Saaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saaka SA, Mohammed K, Pienaah KA, Luginaah I. Child malaria vaccine uptake in Ghana: factors influencing parents\u2019 willingness to allow vaccination of their children under five years. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0296934.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5613_CR47","unstructured":"CDC. Malaria-Malaria worldwide-how can malaria cases and deaths be reduced? Insecticide-treated bed nets. 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/malaria_worldwide\/itn.html."},{"key":"5613_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-04343-7","volume":"612","author":"C Willyard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Willyard C. The slow roll-out of the world\u2019s first malaria vaccine. Nature. 2022;612:48\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:24:46Z","timestamp":1762424686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05613-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is based on publicly available, de-identified secondary data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. Ethical approval for the original data collection was obtained by the institutions responsible for the surveys. As this study involved analysis of secondary data without any identifiable human subjects, no further ethical approval was required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The study used secondary data, and no direct involvement of human participants occurred during the analysis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"380"}}