{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:28:04Z","timestamp":1794245284099,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute Health , NIH","award":["R01AI064478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI064478"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312299\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312299\/2021-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:57:09Z","timestamp":1764262629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The pattern of gene amplification of members of the Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding-like proteins family across the Amazon rainforest"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Karla S.","family":"Guedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno A. M.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis B.","family":"Ntumngia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora S.","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cor J. F.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tais N.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzia H.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5690_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004670","volume":"11","author":"GE Weiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weiss GE, Gilson PR, Taechalertpaisarn T, Tham WH, de Jong NW, Harvey KL, et al. Revealing the sequence and resulting cellular morphology of receptor-ligand interactions during Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11:e1004670.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"5690_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.003","volume":"22","author":"AF Cowman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cowman AF, Tonkin CJ, Tham WH, Duraisingh MT. The molecular basis of erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22:232\u201345.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"5690_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31096-7","volume":"394","author":"KE Battle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Battle KE, Lucas TCD, Nguyen M, Howes RE, Nandi AK, Twohig KA, et al. Mapping the global endemicity and clinical burden of Plasmodium vivax, 2000-17: a spatial and temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2019;394:332\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5690_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90642-P","volume":"69","author":"MR Galinski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Galinski MR, Medina CC, Ingravallo P, Barnwell J. A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of Plasmodium vivax merozoites. Cell. 1992;69:1213\u201326.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5690_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-596015","volume":"125","author":"B Malleret","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malleret B, Li A, Zhang R, Tan KS, Suwanarusk R, Claser C, et al. Plasmodium vivax: restricted tropism and rapid remodeling of CD71-positive reticulocytes. Blood. 2015;125:1314\u201324.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"5690_CR6","volume":"22","author":"LJ Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan LJ, Dietrich MH, Nguitragool W, Tham WH. Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding proteins for invasion into reticulocytes. Cell Microbiol. 2020;22:e13110.","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"5690_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.7085","volume":"89","author":"JH Adams","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adams JH, Sim BK, Dolan SA, Fang X, Kaslow DC, Miller LH. A family of erythrocyte binding proteins of malaria parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1992;89:7085\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5690_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(89)90083-0","volume":"69","author":"SP Wertheimer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wertheimer SP, Barnwell JW. Plasmodium vivax interaction with the human Duffy blood group glycoprotein: identification of a parasite receptor-like protein. Exp Parasitol. 1989;69:340\u201350.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"5690_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197608052950602","volume":"295","author":"LH Miller","year":"1976","unstructured":"Miller LH, Mason SJ, Clyde DF, McGinniss MH. The resistance factor to Plasmodium vivax in blacks. The Duffy-blood-group genotype, FyFy. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:302\u20134.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5690_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.06.011","volume":"39","author":"TH Dickey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dickey TH, Tolia NH. Designing an effective malaria vaccine targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein. Trends Parasitol. 2023;39:850\u20138.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"5690_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03372-9","volume":"19","author":"L Golassa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golassa L, Amenga-Etego L, Lo E, Amambua-Ngwa A. The biology of unconventional invasion of Duffy-negative reticulocytes by Plasmodium vivax and its implication in malaria epidemiology and public health. Malar J. 2020;19:299.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5690_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.02.006","volume":"34","author":"K Gunalan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunalan K, Niangaly A, Thera MA, Doumbo OK, Miller LH. Plasmodium vivax infections of Duffy-negative erythrocytes: historically undetected or a recent adaptation? Trends Parasitol. 2018;34:420\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"5690_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7123704\/v1","author":"RE Schroeder","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schroeder RE, Ahmed S, Ford A, Elfaki M, Hamad SO, Ahmed TME, et al. Highly conserved Plasmodium vivax genomes in Duffy-negative individuals from Sudan. Res Sq. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7123704\/v1.","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"5690_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008258","volume":"16","author":"J Popovici","year":"2020","unstructured":"Popovici J, Roesch C, Rougeron V. The enigmatic mechanisms by which Plasmodium vivax infects Duffy-negative individuals. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16:e1008258.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"5690_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan1078","volume":"359","author":"J Gruszczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gruszczyk J, Kanjee U, Chan LJ, Menant S, Malleret B, Lim NTY, et al. Transferrin receptor 1 is a reticulocyte-specific receptor for Plasmodium vivax. Science. 2018;359:48\u201355.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5690_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45228-6","volume":"9","author":"SK Prajapati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prajapati SK, Borlon C, Rovira-Vallbona E, Gruszczyk J, Menant S, Tham WH, et al. Complement receptor 1 availability on red blood cell surface modulates Plasmodium vivax invasion of human reticulocytes. Sci Rep. 2019;9:8943.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5690_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011692","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1011692","volume":"12","author":"K De Meulenaere","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Meulenaere K, Prajapati SK, Villasis E, Cuypers B, Kattenberg JH, Kasian B, et al. Band 3-mediated Plasmodium vivax invasion is associated with transcriptional variation in PvTRAg genes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1011692.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5690_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592281","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1592281","volume":"15","author":"M Tripathi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tripathi M, Santoshi M, Sharma YD, Rathore S. Majority of the erythrocyte binding proteins of the Pvfam \u201ca\u201d family of Plasmodium vivax interact with Basigin to assist parasite entry into the host cell. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025;15:1592281.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5690_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00939-3","volume":"6","author":"B Malleret","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malleret B, El Sahili A, Tay MZ, Carissimo G, Ong ASM, Novera W, et al. Plasmodium vivax binds host CD98hc (SLC3A2) to enter immature red blood cells. Nat Microbiol. 2021;6:991\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"5690_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002569","volume":"7","author":"J Hester","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hester J, Chan ER, Menard D, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Barnwell J, Zimmerman PA, et al. De novo assembly of a field isolate genome reveals novel Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte invasion genes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2569.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5690_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01261-16","volume":"7","author":"FB Ntumngia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ntumngia FB, Thomson-Luque R, Torres Lde M, Gunalan K, Carvalho LH, Adams JH. A novel erythrocyte binding protein of Plasmodium vivax suggests an alternate invasion pathway into Duffy-positive reticulocytes. MBio. 2016;7(4):10\u20131128.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"5690_CR22","volume":"121","author":"SK Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee SK, Crosnier C, Valenzuela-Leon PC, Dizon BLP, Atkinson JP, Mu J, et al. Complement receptor 1 is the human erythrocyte receptor for Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2024;121:e2316304121.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5690_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28673","author":"CT Franca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franca CT, White MT, He WQ, Hostetler JB, Brewster J, Frato G, et al. Identification of highly-protective combinations of Plasmodium vivax recombinant proteins for vaccine development. Elife. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.28673.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"5690_CR24","volume":"13","author":"WQ He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He WQ, Shakri AR, Bhardwaj R, Franca CT, Stanisic DI, Healer J, et al. Antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding and erythrocyte binding proteins predict risk of infection and are associated with protection from clinical malaria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0006987.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002489","volume":"7","author":"D Menard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menard D, Chan ER, Benedet C, Ratsimbasoa A, Kim S, Chim P, et al. Whole genome sequencing of field isolates reveals a common duplication of the Duffy binding protein gene in Malagasy Plasmodium vivax strains. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2489.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606113113","volume":"113","author":"K Gunalan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunalan K, Lo E, Hostetler JB, Yewhalaw D, Mu J, Neafsey DE, et al. Role of Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein 1 in invasion of Duffy-null Africans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:6271\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5690_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005091","volume":"10","author":"JB Hostetler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hostetler JB, Lo E, Kanjee U, Amaratunga C, Suon S, Sreng S, et al. Independent origin and global distribution of distinct Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein gene duplications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0005091.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-024-01304-7","volume":"70","author":"R Shaikh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaikh R, Kanjaksha G, Gorakshakar A. Duffy binding protein ligand (PvDBP) gene duplication in Indian P. Vivax malaria isolates: implication for malaria research. Curr Genet. 2024;70:18.","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"key":"5690_CR29","first-page":"1004","volume":"230","author":"K Pestana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pestana K, Ford A, Rama R, Abagero B, Kepple D, Tomida J, et al. Copy number variations of Plasmodium vivax DBP1, EBP\/DBP2, and RBP2b in Ethiopians who are duffy positive and duffy negative. J Infect Dis. 2024;230:1004\u201312.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf322","author":"BN Yengo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yengo BN, Ruszin V, Dieng CC, Kipayko C, Mdluli N, Ayukenchengamba B, et al. Digital PCR reveals high PvDBP1 but not PvEBP\/DBP2 and PvRBP2b copies in Plasmodium vivax from Duffy-negative Individuals in Central Africa. J Infect Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf322.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3599","volume":"48","author":"RD Pearson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pearson RD, Amato R, Auburn S, Miotto O, Almagro-Garcia J, Amaratunga C, et al. Genomic analysis of local variation and recent evolution in Plasmodium vivax. Nat Genet. 2016;48:959\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"5690_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006555","volume":"12","author":"C Roesch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roesch C, Popovici J, Bin S, Run V, Kim S, Ramboarina S, et al. Genetic diversity in two Plasmodium vivax protein ligands for reticulocyte invasion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006555.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR33","volume":"13","author":"E Lo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo E, Hostetler JB, Yewhalaw D, Pearson RD, Hamid MMA, Gunalan K, et al. Frequent expansion of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein in Ethiopia and its epidemiological significance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0007222.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14574-9","volume":"11","author":"J Popovici","year":"2020","unstructured":"Popovici J, Roesch C, Carias LL, Khim N, Kim S, Vantaux A, et al. Amplification of Duffy binding protein-encoding gene allows Plasmodium vivax to evade host anti-DBP humoral immunity. Nat Commun. 2020;11:953.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5690_CR35","volume":"14","author":"JH Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han JH, Cho JS, Ong JJY, Park JH, Nyunt MH, Sutanto E, et al. Genetic diversity and neutral selection in Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding protein correlates with patient antigenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0008202.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105628","volume":"123","author":"GM Fernandes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandes GM, Rodrigues-Mattos GH, Torres LM, Guedes KS, Fontes CJF, Ntumngia FB, et al. Natural genetic diversity of the DBL domain of a novel member of the Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding-like proteins (EBP2) in the Amazon rainforest. Infect Genet Evol. 2024;123:105628.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"5690_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107231","volume":"255","author":"LJ Hernandez-Zambrano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hernandez-Zambrano LJ, Alfonso-Gonzalez H, Buitrago SP, Castro-Cavadia CJ, Garzon-Ospina D. Exploring the genetic diversity pattern of PvEBP\/DBP2: a promising candidate for an effective Plasmodium vivax vaccine. Acta Trop. 2024;255:107231.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5690_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.10.001","volume":"121","author":"M da Silva-Nunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"da Silva-Nunes M, Moreno M, Conn JE, Gamboa D, Abeles S, Vinetz JM, et al. Amazonian malaria: asymptomatic human reservoirs, diagnostic challenges, environmentally driven changes in mosquito vector populations, and the mandate for sustainable control strategies. Acta Trop. 2012;121:281\u201391.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5690_CR39","unstructured":"Manual de Diagn\u00f3stico Laboratorial da Mal\u00e1ria. Bras\u00edlia. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade [http:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/malaria_diag_manual_final.pdf]."},{"key":"5690_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2781-3","volume":"18","author":"LC Amaral","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amaral LC, Robortella DR, Guimaraes LFF, Limongi JE, Fontes CJF, Pereira DB, et al. Ribosomal and non-ribosomal PCR targets for the detection of low-density and mixed malaria infections. Malar J. 2019;18:154.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5690_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2007.00902.x","volume":"92","author":"TN Sousa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sousa TN, Sanchez BA, Ceravolo IP, Carvalho LH, Brito CF. Real-time multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for genotyping of the Duffy antigen, the Plasmodium vivax invasion receptor. Vox Sang. 2007;92:373\u201380.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"5690_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1806-z","volume":"16","author":"GL Costa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Costa GL, Amaral LC, Fontes CJF, Carvalho LH, de Brito CFA, de Sousa TN. Assessment of copy number variation in genes related to drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Brazilian Amazon and a systematic review of the literature. Malar J. 2017;16:152.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"5690_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012837","volume":"19","author":"Y Nasir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nasir Y, Molla E, Habtamu G, Sisay S, Ejigu LA, Kassa FA, et al. Spatial distribution of Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein copy number variation and Duffy genotype, and their association with parasitemia in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19:e0012837.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR44","volume":"8","author":"FS Kano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kano FS, de Souza AM, de Menezes Torres L, Costa MA, Souza-Silva FA, Sanchez BAM, et al. Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malaria. Sci Rep. 2018;8:13851.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5690_CR45","volume":"10","author":"FS Kano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kano FS, Souza-Silva FA, Torres LM, Lima BA, Sousa TN, Alves JR, et al. The presence, persistence and functional properties of Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein ii antibodies are influenced by hla class ii allelic variants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0005177.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5690_CR46","volume":"20","author":"LFF Guimaraes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guimaraes LFF, Rodrigues BA, Dias MHF, Barcelos MG, Nascimento MFA, Moreira-Nascimento SL, et al. Antibody response to Plasmodium vivax in the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection: a 14-year follow-up study in the Amazon rainforest. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0311704.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5690_CR47","volume":"57","author":"PST Amaral","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amaral PST, Garcia KKS, Suarez-Mutis MC, Coelho RR, Galardo AK, Murta F, et al. Malaria in areas under mining activity in the Amazon: a review. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024;57:e002002024.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"5690_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20113","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109621108","volume":"108","author":"CL King","year":"2011","unstructured":"King CL, Adams JH, Xianli J, Grimberg BT, McHenry AM, Greenberg LJ, et al. Fy(a)\/Fy(b) antigen polymorphism in human erythrocyte Duffy antigen affects susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108:20113\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5690_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045219","volume":"7","author":"A Chittoria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chittoria A, Mohanty S, Jaiswal YK, Das A. Natural selection mediated association of the Duffy (FY) gene polymorphisms with Plasmodium vivax malaria in India. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e45219.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5690_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2092-1","volume":"16","author":"BP Reddy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reddy BP, Shrestha S, Hart KJ, Liang X, Kemirembe K, Cui L, et al. A bioinformatic survey of RNA-binding proteins in Plasmodium. BMC Genomics. 2015;16:890.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"5690_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.10.004","volume":"145","author":"D Gaur","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gaur D, Furuya T, Mu J, Jiang LB, Su XZ, Miller LH. Upregulation of expression of the reticulocyte homology gene 4 in the Plasmodium falciparum clone Dd2 is associated with a switch in the erythrocyte invasion pathway. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006;145:205\u201315.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"5690_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004558","volume":"11","author":"BE Barber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Parameswaran U, Piera KA, Price RN, et al. Parasite biomass-related inflammation, endothelial activation, microvascular dysfunction and disease severity in vivax malaria. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11:e1004558.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T21:02:18Z","timestamp":1767474138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-025-05690-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7048749\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical and methodological procedures of this study were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Ren\u00e9 Rachou Institute\/FIOCRUZ Minas (approval No. 4,041,859; CAAE 15632719.0.0000.5091), as well as by the Research Ethics Committee of the J\u00falio Muller University Hospital (approval No. 53041521.6.0000.5541). The study participants were provided with information regarding the objectives and procedures of the study, and their voluntary participation was requested and confirmed through written formal consent. In the case of child participants, written formal consent was obtained from their next of kin, caregivers, or guardians. Data were separated from personal identifiers through use of a code. All biological samples analyzed in this study were stored in the biorepository of the Ren\u00e9 Rachou Institute\u2013FIOCRUZ Minas, under the following approved protocols: No. 07\/2006, No. 07\/2009, No. 12\/2010, No. 26\/2013, and No. 1.821.955\/2016. The biorepository is curated by L. H. Carvalho and F. S. Kano. The current study was conducted according to Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity policy guidelines of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ, Ministry of Health, Brazil (\n                      \n                      ).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}