{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:39:26Z","timestamp":1792787966668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Europ\u00e4ische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr klinische Mikrobiologie und Infektionskrankheiten)","award":["[MAS, 2025]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[MAS, 2025]"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vkssr45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Christian Larsen og Dommer Ellen Larsens Legat"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026443","name":"GiveWell Community Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Copenhagen University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:36:29Z","timestamp":1782758189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of molecular markers related to artemisinin partial resistance and ACT partner drug resistance in the Plasmodium falciparum population in Kongo Central, DRC"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5027-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Ahm","family":"Stauning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nono","family":"Mvuama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baudouin","family":"Matela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Tshefu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sissel Manscher","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guylain","family":"Sundisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Maliwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cally","family":"Roper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nono","family":"Koka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Guinovart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2760-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Kurtzhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Okitawutshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Alifrangis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Ntuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6484-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines for malaria, 13 August 2025. WHO guidelines for malaria. World Health Organization; 2025; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/B09514","DOI":"10.2471\/B09514"},{"key":"6022_CR2","unstructured":"WHO: Global Malaria Programe. World malaria report 2025: addressing the threat of antimalarial drug resistance. Geneva; 2025"},{"key":"6022_CR3","unstructured":"WHO: Global Malaria Programe. World Malaria Reports , Country profiles - Democratic Republic of Congo. 2025 https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/country-profiles\/malaria\/malaria-2024-cod.pdf?sfvrsn=dff2a59a_4&download=true. Accessed 20 Mar 2026"},{"key":"6022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/S41591-020-1005-2","volume":"26","author":"A Uwimana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uwimana A, Legrand E, Stokes BH, Ndikumana JLM, Warsame M, Umulisa N, et al. Emergence and clonal expansion of in vitro artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 R561H mutant parasites in Rwanda. Nat Med. 2020;26:1602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41591-020-1005-2.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1186\/S12936-021-03987-6","volume":"20","author":"A Owoloye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owoloye A, Olufemi M, Idowu ET, Oyebola KM. Prevalence of potential mediators of artemisinin resistance in African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J. 2021;20(1):451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12936-021-03987-6.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"6022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAE475","volume":"231","author":"NW Young","year":"2024","unstructured":"Young NW, Gashema P, Giesbrecht D, Munyaneza T, Maisha F, Mwebembezi F, et al. High frequency of artemisinin partial resistance mutations in the Great Lakes Region revealed through rapid pooled deep sequencing. J Infect Dis. 2024;231:269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAE475.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2211803","volume":"389","author":"MD Conrad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conrad MD, Asua V, Garg S, Giesbrecht D, Niar\u00e9 K, Smith S, et al. Evolution of partial resistance to artemisinins in malaria parasites in Uganda. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2211803.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.11.026","volume":"139","author":"G Mesia Kahunu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mesia Kahunu G, Wellmann Thomsen S, Wellmann Thomsen L, Muhindo Mavoko H, Mitashi Mulopo P, Filtenborg Hocke E, et al. Identification of the PfK13 mutations R561H and P441L in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;139:41\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.11.026.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/S13071-018-2762-3","volume":"11","author":"T Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams T, Ennuson NAA, Quashie NB, Futagbi G, Matrevi S, Hagan OCK, et al. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum delayed clearance associated polymorphisms in adaptor protein complex 2 mu subunit (pfap2mu) and ubiquitin specific protease 1 (pfubp1) genes in Ghanaian isolates. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13071-018-2762-3.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/S12936-024-05088-6","volume":"23","author":"KM Oyebola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oyebola KM, Ligali FC, Owoloye AJ, Aina OO, Alo YM, Erinwusi B, et al. Assessing the therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in Lagos, Nigeria: a comprehensive study on treatment response and resistance markers. Malar J. 2024;23(1):261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12936-024-05088-6.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"6022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ajibaye O, Olukosi YA, Oriero EC, Oboh MA, Iwalokun B, Nwankwo IC, et al 2024 Detection of novel Plasmodium falciparum coronin gene mutations in a recrudescent ACT-treated patient in South-Western Nigeria. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. Frontiers Media SA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FCIMB.2024.1366563\/PDF","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2024.1366563\/PDF"},{"key":"6022_CR12","unstructured":"Global Malaria Programme (GMP) World Health Organization (WHO). WHO: World malaria report 2025. Geneva; 2025."},{"key":"6022_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa. Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa. 2022"},{"key":"6022_CR14","unstructured":"WHO Global Malaria Program. Compendium of molecular markers for antimalarial drug resistance. 2025."},{"key":"6022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02382-16","volume":"61","author":"CJ Sutherland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sutherland CJ, Lansdell P, Sanders M, Muwanguzi J, Van Schalkwyk DA, Kaur H, et al. Pfk13-independent treatment failure in four imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with artemether-lumefantrine in the United Kingdom. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61:e02382-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02382-16.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"6022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIU358","volume":"210","author":"G Henriques","year":"2014","unstructured":"Henriques G, Hallett RL, Beshir KB, Gadalla NB, Johnson RE, Burrow R, et al. Directional selection at the pfmdr1, pfcrt, pfubp1, and pfap2mu loci of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenyan children treated with ACT. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIU358.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6022_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAX4735","volume":"367","author":"J Birnbaum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birnbaum J, Scharf S, Schmidt S, Jonscher E, Maria Hoeijmakers WA, Flemming S, et al. A Kelch13-defined endocytosis pathway mediates artemisinin resistance in malaria parasites. Science. 2020;367:51\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAX4735.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01542-19;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","author":"RC Henrici","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henrici RC, van Schalkwyk DA, Sutherland CJ. Modification of pfap2\u03bc and pfubp1 markedly reduces ring-stage susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin in Vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemo. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01542-19;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemo"},{"issue":"27","key":"6022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2958.2007.05753.X;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","volume":"65","author":"P Hunt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunt P, Afonso A, Creasey A, Culleton R, Sidhu ABS, Logan J, et al. Gene encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme is mutated in artesunate- and chloroquine-resistant rodent malaria parasites. Molecular Microbiology. 2007;65(27):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2958.2007.05753.X;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"6022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simwela N V., Hughes KR, Roberts AB, Rennie MT, Barrett MP, Waters AP 2020 Experimentally Engineered Mutations in a Ubiquitin Hydrolase, UBP-1, Modulate In Vivo Susceptibility to Artemisinin and Chloroquine in Plasmodium berghei. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02484-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02484-19"},{"key":"6022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.4269\/AJTMH.21-0214","volume":"105","author":"LF Moriarty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moriarty LF, Nkoli PM, Likwela JL, Mulopo PM, Sompwe EM, Rika M, et al. Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Investigation of Molecular Markers of Antimalarial Resistance. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021;105:1067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/AJTMH.21-0214.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"6022_CR22","volume-title":"Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences","author":"WW Daniel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daniel WW, Cross CL. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. John Wiley and Sons; 2018."},{"key":"6022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PMED.1001788","volume":"12","author":"N Hofmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hofmann N, Mwingira F, Shekalaghe S, Robinson LJ, Mueller I, Felger I. Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Plasmodium falciparum by Amplification of Multi-Copy Subtelomeric Targets. PLoS Med. 2015;12:e1001788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PMED.1001788.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02724-x","volume":"7","author":"S Nag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nag S, Dalgaard MD, Kofoed PE, Ursing J, Crespo M, Andersen LOB, et al. High throughput resistance profiling of Plasmodium falciparum infections based on custom dual indexing and Illumina next generation sequencing-technology. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-02724-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTU170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics Oxford Academic. 2014;30:2114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTU170.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics Oxford Academic"},{"key":"6022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102541","author":"SS Nundu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nundu SS, Culleton R, Simpson SV, Arima H, Chitama BYA, Muyembe JJ, et al. Identification of polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from school-age children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Parasitol Int. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102541.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-022-07112-Z","volume":"22","author":"DM Yobi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yobi DM, Kayiba NK, Mvumbi DM, Boreux R, Kabututu PZ, Akilimali PZ, et al. Biennial surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2017 and 2019. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12879-022-07112-Z.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e479","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00497-2","volume":"13","author":"M Onyamboko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Onyamboko M, Wasakul V, Bakomba SB, Kayembe DK, Nzambiwishe BK, Ekombolo PE, et al. Pregnant women as a sentinel population for genomic surveillance of malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a population-based study. The Lancet Global Health Elsevier Ltd. 2025;13:e479\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00497-2.","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"6022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1119","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAF155","volume":"231","author":"C Fan\u00e7ony","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan\u00e7ony C, Fortes-Gabriel E, Zage F, Alexiou E, Broumou I, Pernaute-Lau L, et al. Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment Selects Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance 1 (pfmdr1) Increased Copy Number Among African Malaria Infections. J Infect Dis. 2025;231:e1119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIAF155.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6022_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-018-3453-6","volume":"18","author":"PI Mayengue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayengue PI, Niama RF, Kouhounina Batsimba D, Malonga-Massanga A, Louzolo I, Loukabou Bongolo NC, et al. No polymorphisms in K13-propeller gene associated with artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12879-018-3453-6.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27988","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-024-78670-2","volume":"14","author":"MT Baina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baina MT, Djontu JC, Mbama Ntabi JD, Mfoutou Mapanguy CC, Lissom A, Vouvoungui CJ, et al. Polymorphisms in the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and Pfk13 genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from southern Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Sci Rep. 2024;14:27988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-024-78670-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6022_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46006-3","volume":"15","author":"R Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu R, Lin L, Jiao Z, Liang R, Guo Y, Zhang Y, et al. Deaggregation of mutant Plasmodium yoelii de-ubiquitinase UBP1 alters MDR1 localization to confer multidrug resistance. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-46006-3.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:17:04Z","timestamp":1789607824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-026-06022-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and granted approval from the Kinshasa School of Public Health Institutional review board (ref number ESP\/CE\/098\/2023), and complies with relevant legislation in both DRC, Denmark, and EU. Collection of samples and data required informed consent by caregivers. Participation or refusal to participate did not affect diagnostics procedures or treatment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"333"}}