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A previous study has shown that daily consumption of 10\u2009g of trehalose improves glucose tolerance in individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we determined whether a lower dose (3.3\u2009g\/day) of trehalose improves glucose tolerance in healthy Japanese volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of healthy Japanese participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950). Each consumed 3.3\u2009g of trehalose (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) or sucrose (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) daily for 78\u2009days. Their body compositions were assessed following 0, 4, 8, and 12\u2009weeks; and serum biochemical parameters were assayed and oral 75-g glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and after 12\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were similar changes in body composition and serum biochemistry consistent with established seasonal variations in both groups, but there were no differences in any of these parameters between the two groups. However, whereas after 12\u2009weeks of sucrose consumption, the plasma glucose concentration 2\u2009h after a 75-g glucose load was significantly higher than the fasting concentration, after 12\u2009weeks of trehalose consumption the fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations were similar. Furthermore, an analysis of the participants with relatively high postprandial blood glucose showed that the plasma glucose concentration 2\u2009h after a 75-g glucose load was significantly lower in the trehalose group than in the sucrose group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings suggest that trehalose helps lower postprandial blood glucose in healthy humans with higher postprandial glucose levels within the normal range, and may therefore contribute to the prevention of pathologies that are predisposed to by postprandial hyperglycemia,, even if the daily intake of trehalose is only 3.3\u2009g, an amount that is easily incorporated into a meal.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>UMIN, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000038239\">UMIN000033536<\/jats:ext-link>. Registered 27 July 2018.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00586-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T15:10:49Z","timestamp":1594307449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Daily consumption of one teaspoon of trehalose can help maintain glucose homeostasis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chiyo","family":"Yoshizane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Mizote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norie","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Mitsuzumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimpei","family":"Ushio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17R","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwg047","volume":"13","author":"AD Elbein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elbein AD, Pan YT, Pastuszak I, Carroll D. 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All the participants were informed about the purpose, methods, and possible risks of the study before giving their consent to participate.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors are employees of Hayashibara Co. Ltd., the study sponsor. Hayashibara beared all the costs of this test. The authors declare that they have no other conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"68"}}