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This research aimed to evaluate the effects of spinach-derived thylakoids supplementation combined with a calorie-restricted diet on anthropometric and metabolic profiles in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 48 females with obesity and PCOS were randomly allocated into either intervention (5\u2009g\/day thylakoid) or placebo (5\u2009g\/day cornstarch) groups along with calorie-restricted diets. Anthropometric measures, physical activity levels, dietary intakes, insulin resistance markers, as well as serum levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and sex hormones including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free androgen index (FAI) were evaluated pre-and post-intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the 12-week intervention, there were significant decreases in weight (\u2212\u20096.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52 vs. -3.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.72\u2009kg;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), waist circumference (\u2212\u20097.78\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50 vs. -3.73\u2009\u00b1\u20091.40\u2009cm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), fat mass (\u2212\u20095.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.53 vs. -1.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39\u2009kg;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and insulin levels (\u2212\u20095.40\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86 vs. -1.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85 \u03bcU\/mL;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in the spinach-derived thylakoid group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, insulin resistance markers and serum levels of testosterone decreased significantly in the thylakoid group compared to the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The changes in other parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation resulted in more favorable improvements in anthropometric indices and insulin sensitivity compared to the calorie restriction alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Vice-chancellor of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, and was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration ID:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.irct.ir\/trial\/33619\">IRCT20140907019082N9<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00601-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T21:08:14Z","timestamp":1597180094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effects of spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation in combination with calorie restriction on anthropometric parameters and metabolic profiles in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh Abbasalizad","family":"Farhangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Vaezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salar","family":"Hemmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"601_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","volume":"97","author":"BCJM Fauser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fauser BCJM, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, Lobo R, et al. 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