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As well, they are also considering a risk group for vitamin D deficiency. Low serum vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of brain neuropsychiatry disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and depressive symptoms in adults aged 60\u2009years and over from southern Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data collected during 2013\u20132014 from the populational-based longitudinal EpiFloripa Aging Study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20091197). Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were analyzed and classified according to the Endocrine Society reference values [sufficiency (\u2265 30\u2009ng\/mL), insufficiency (21\u201329\u2009ng\/mL), and deficiency (\u2264 20\u2009ng\/mL)]. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item GDS). Logistic regression was performed to assess depressive symptoms in each vitamin D category. The analysis was adjusted for sex, age, skin color, family income, leisure-time physical activities, social or religious groups attendance, morbidities, cognitive impairment, and dependence in activities of daily living.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 557 participants with complete data for exposure and outcome were enrolled in the analysis. Most of the sample participants were female (63.1%), age-range 60\u201369\u2009years (42.2%), white skin color (85.1%), and vitamin D serum level samples were collected in autumn (50.7%). Depressive symptoms were present in 15.8% of the participants, and the prevalence was higher in individuals classified as deficient in vitamin D (23.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u200915.6;32.9) and insufficiency (17.2, 95%CI\u2009=\u200911.0;25.9). The crude analysis showed that vitamin D deficient participants had 3.08 (CI\u2009=\u20091.53;6.20) times higher odds to present depressive symptoms compared to vitamin D sufficiency. After adjusting, the association was maintained [OR 2.27 (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.05;4.94).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol deficiency was positively associated with depressive symptoms in older adults from southern Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00638-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T01:02:28Z","timestamp":1605315748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lower serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gilciane","family":"Ceolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Harumi","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Cararo","family":"Confortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"D\u2019Orsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Kurrle","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2256-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Dubois","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"638_CR1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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