{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:09:12Z","timestamp":1768878552648,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the development of atopic diseases in the offspring has been frequently studied, but with contradictory results. Previous studies have found an inverse relation between maternal vitamin D in pregnancy and the risk of atopic diseases in the child. In contrast, others have found a higher maternal 25OHD to be related to a higher risk of atopic diseases. Thus, the aim was to investigate the associations between maternal vitamin D status and intake in pregnancy with asthma, eczema and food allergies in the children up to 5\u00a0years. In addition, effect modification by reported atopic heredity was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants in the GraviD study had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) analyzed in serum in early (T1) and late (T3) pregnancy. Maternal dietary vitamin D intake was estimated from a short food frequency questionnaire and supplement use by questionnaires. At 5\u00a0years of age the child\u00b4s history of asthma, eczema and food allergy, including atopic heredity, was reported by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cumulative incidence of asthma was 13%, eczema 22%, and food allergy 18%. Only among children without reported atopic heredity, maternal 25OHD of 50\u201375\u00a0nmol\/L in T1 was associated with lower odds of asthma (OR 0.271, 95% CI 0.127\u20130.580), compared to maternal 25OHD\u2009&gt;\u200975\u00a0nmol\/L. Additionally in these children, maternal 25OHD in T3 (continuous) was associated with asthma (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.002\u20131.009), and dietary vitamin D intake with eczema (OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.011\u20131.288).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among children without reported atopic heredity, higher maternal vitamin D status and intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of reported atopic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T01:02:46Z","timestamp":1652749366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Atopic heredity modifies the association between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk of atopic disease in childhood: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Amberntsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellinor","family":"Carlson Kjellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"van Odijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linnea","family":"B\u00e4rebring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2020.1819793","volume":"20","author":"BJH Dierick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dierick BJH, van der Molen T, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Muraro A, Postma MJ, Kocks JWH, et al. Burden and socioeconomics of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;20(5):437\u201353.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"787_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13763","volume":"74","author":"T Haahtela","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haahtela T. A biodiversity hypothesis. Allergy. 2019;74(8):1445\u201356.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"787_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085271","volume":"7","author":"NH Suaini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suaini NH, Zhang Y, Vuillermin PJ, Allen KJ, Harrison LC. Immune modulation by vitamin D and its relevance to food allergy. Nutrients. 2015;7(8):6088\u2013108.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02078-5","volume":"189","author":"M Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith M, O\u2019Brien EC, Alberdi G, Geraghty AA, Kilbane M, McKenna MJ, et al. Association between vitamin D status in early pregnancy and atopy in offspring in a vitamin D deplete cohort. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189(2):563\u201370.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"787_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2010.05.005","volume":"30","author":"DA Searing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Searing DA, Leung DY. Vitamin D in atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2010;30(3):397\u2013409.","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283507927","volume":"12","author":"AA Litonjua","year":"2012","unstructured":"Litonjua AA. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for childhood allergic disease and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(2):179\u201385.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"787_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","volume":"88","author":"A Hossein-nezhad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(7):720\u201355.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000613","volume":"20","author":"CM Hawrylowicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawrylowicz CM, Santos AF. Vitamin D: can the sun stop the atopic epidemic? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;20(2):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12384","volume":"26","author":"CY Chiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiu CY, Huang SY, Peng YC, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Yao TC, et al. Maternal vitamin D levels are inversely related to allergic sensitization and atopic diseases in early childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26(4):337\u201343.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"787_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602680","volume":"62","author":"CR Gale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gale CR, Robinson SM, Harvey NC, Javaid MK, Jiang B, Martyn CN, et al. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and child outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(1):68\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"787_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1924","volume":"136","author":"S Hansen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hansen S, Maslova E, Str\u00f8m M, Linneberg A, Halldorsson TI, Granstr\u00f6m C, et al. The long-term programming effect of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pregnancy on allergic airway disease and lung function in offspring after 20 to 25 years of follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(1):169-76.e2.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.18318","volume":"315","author":"BL Chawes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chawes BL, B\u00f8nnelykke K, Stokholm J, Vissing NH, Bjarnad\u00f3ttir E, Schoos AM, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on risk of persistent wheeze in the offspring: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):353\u201361.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"787_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0052","volume":"321","author":"N Brustad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brustad N, Eliasen AU, Stokholm J, B\u00f8nnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Chawes BL. High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and asthma in offspring at the age of 6 years. JAMA. 2019;321(10):1003\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.18589","volume":"315","author":"AA Litonjua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, McElrath TF, O\u2019Connor GT, et al. Effect of prenatal supplementation with vitamin D on asthma or recurrent wheezing in offspring by age 3 years: the VDAART randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):362\u201370.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"787_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233890","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233890","volume":"15","author":"MA Mustapa Kamal Basha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mustapa Kamal Basha MA, Majid HA, Razali N, Yahya A. Risk of eczema, wheezing and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life: a systematic review of vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and at birth. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0233890.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"787_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12876","volume":"29","author":"RM Pacheco-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pacheco-Gonz\u00e1lez RM, Garc\u00eda-Marcos L, Morales E. Prenatal vitamin D status and respiratory and allergic outcomes in childhood: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29(3):243\u201353.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"787_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0679-4","volume":"18","author":"SY Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen SY, Xiao WQ, Lu JH, Yuan MY, He JR, Xia HM, et al. Early life vitamin D status and asthma and wheeze: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18(1):120.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"787_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100486","volume":"13","author":"AA Tareke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tareke AA, Hadgu AA, Ayana AM, Zerfu TA. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation and child respiratory health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Allergy Organ J. 2020;13(12):100486.","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"8","key":"787_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13303","volume":"31","author":"C Venter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Venter C, Agostoni C, Arshad SH, Ben-Abdallah M, Du Toit G, Fleischer DM, et al. Dietary factors during pregnancy and atopic outcomes in childhood: a systematic review from the European academy of allergy and clinical immunology. Pediatric Allergy Immunol. 2020;31(8):889\u2013912.","journal-title":"Pediatric Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"D Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi D, Wang D, Meng Y, Chen J, Mu G, Chen W. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and risk of asthma and wheeze in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;34(4):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"787_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100655","volume":"8","author":"L Barebring","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barebring L, Schoenmakers I, Glantz A, Hulthen L, Jagner A, Ellis J, et al. Vitamin D status during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic population-representative Swedish cohort. Nutrients. 2016;8(10):655.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"787_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060745","volume":"10","author":"L Barebring","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barebring L, Amberntsson A, Winkvist A, Augustin H. Validation of dietary vitamin D intake from two food frequency questionnaires, using food records and the biomarker 25-hydroxyvitamin D among pregnant women. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):745.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"787_CR23","unstructured":"Wickman M, Pershagen G, Kull I, Mel\u00e9n E, Bergstr\u00f6m A. BAMSE project questionnaires. Svensk nationell datatj\u00e4nst. Available from: https:\/\/snd.gu.se\/sv\/catalogue\/study\/ext0037. Cited 2021\u201312\u201302"},{"key":"787_CR24","unstructured":"DAGitty \u2014 draw and analyze causal diagrams. http:\/\/www.dagitty.net\/ . Accessed 20 Sept\u00a02021."},{"issue":"10","key":"787_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12172","volume":"43","author":"AK Wills","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wills AK, Shaheen SO, Granell R, Henderson AJ, Fraser WD, Lawlor DA. Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its association with childhood atopic outcomes and lung function. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(10):1180\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"787_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13582","volume":"32","author":"Y Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian Y, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Dou L, Dou Y, Zhao P, et al. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and infant atopic dermatitis: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(8):1637\u201345.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000165","volume":"83","author":"F Ataseven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ataseven F, Ayg\u00fcn C, Okuyucu A, Bedir A, K\u00fcc\u00fck Y, K\u00fcc\u00fck\u00f6d\u00fck S. Is vitamin d deficiency a risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome? Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83(4):232\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"787_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01096.x","volume":"22","author":"C Furuhjelm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furuhjelm C, Warstedt K, Fager\u00e5s M, F\u00e4lth-Magnusson K, Larsson J, Fredriksson M, et al. Allergic disease in infants up to 2 years of age in relation to plasma omega-3 fatty acids and maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22(5):505\u201314.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1432","volume":"146","author":"MC Escamilla-Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Escamilla-Nu\u00f1ez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014;146(2):373\u201382.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"787_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12049","volume":"67","author":"T Bieber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis 2.0: from the clinical phenotype to the molecular taxonomy and stratified medicine. Allergy. 2012;67(12):1475\u201382.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02786.x","volume":"67","author":"N Ballardini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ballardini N, Kull I, Lind T, Hallner E, Almqvist C, Ostblom E, et al. Development and comorbidity of eczema, asthma and rhinitis to age 12: data from the BAMSE birth cohort. Allergy. 2012;67(4):537\u201344.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"787_CR32","unstructured":"Johansson E. Atopiskt eksem Rikshandboken barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rd: Rikshandboken barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rd; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.rikshandboken-bhv.se\/pediatrik\/hud\/torr-hud-och-eksem\/atopiskt-eksem\/. Cited 2021\u201312\u201302"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.02.003","volume":"136","author":"L Henriksen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henriksen L, Simonsen J, Haerskjold A, Linder M, Kieler H, Thomsen SF, et al. Incidence rates of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in Danish and Swedish children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(2):360-6.e2.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"787_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-4-32","volume":"4","author":"A Winberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winberg A, Strinnholm \u00c5, Hedman L, West CE, Perzanowski MS, R\u00f6nmark E. High incidence and remission of reported food hypersensitivity in Swedish children followed from 8 to 12 years of age - a population based cohort study. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014;4:32.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1700589586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nutritionj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00787-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Regional Ethics Committee in Gothenburg and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (protocol code 897\u201311 in 2011\u201311-10, T439-13 in 2013\u201306-10, T085-14 in 2014\u201303-07, 2019\u201305219 in 2019\u201311-21 and 2020\u201302-07). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"32"}}