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Objective was to estimate excess-free-fructose intake using USDA loss-adjusted-food-availability (LAFA) data (1970\u20132019) for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and apple juice, major sources of excess-free-fructose, for comparison with malabsorption dosages (~\u20095\u00a0g-children\/\u2009~\u200910\u00a0g-adults). Unlike sucrose and equimolar fructose\/glucose, unpaired-fructose triggers fructose malabsorption and its health consequences. Daily intakes were calculated for HFCS that is generally-recognized-as-safe\/ (55% fructose\/45% glucose), and variants (65\/35, 60\/40) with higher fructose-to-glucose ratios (1.9:1, 1.5:1), as measured by independent laboratories. Estimations include consumer-level-loss (CLL) allowances used before (20%), and after, subjective, retroactively-applied increases (34%), as recommended by corn-refiners (~\u20092012). No contributions from crystalline-fructose or agave syrup were included due to lack of LAFA data. High-excess-free-fructose-fruits (apples\/pears\/watermelons\/mangoes) were not included. Eaten in moderation they are less likely to trigger malabsorption. Another objective was to identify potential parallel trends between excess-free-fructose intake and the \u201cunexplained\u201d US asthma epidemic. The fructose\/gut-dysbiosis\/lung axis is well documented, case-study evidence and epidemiological research link HFCS\/apple juice intake with asthma, and unlike gut-dysbiosis\/gut-fructosylation, childhood asthma prevalence data spans\u2009&gt;\u200940\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Excess-free-fructose daily intake for individuals consuming HFCS with an average 1.5:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio, ranged from 0.10\u00a0g\/d in 1970, to 11.3\u00a0g\/d in 1999, to 6.5\u00a0g\/d in 2019, and for those consuming HFCS with an average 1.9:1 ratio, intakes ranged from 0.13\u00a0g\/d to 16.9\u00a0g\/d (1999), to 9.7\u00a0g\/d in 2019<jats:bold>,<\/jats:bold> based upon estimates with a 20% CLL allowance. Intake exceeded dosages that trigger malabsorption (~\u20095\u00a0g) around\u2009~\u20091980. By the early 1980\u2019s, tripled apple juice intake had added\u2009~\u20090.5\u00a0g to average-per-capita excess-free-fructose intake. Contributions were higher (~\u20093.8\u00a0g \/4-oz.) for individuals consuming apple juice consistent with a healthy eating pattern (4-oz. children, 8-oz. adults). The \u201cunexplained\u201d childhood asthma epidemic (1980-present) parallels increasing average-per-capita HFCS\/apple juice intake trends and reflects epidemiological research findings.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Displacement of sucrose with HFCS, its ubiquitous presence in the US food-supply, the industry practice of adding more fructose to HFCS than generally-recognized-as-safe, and increased use of apple juice\/crystalline fructose\/agave syrup in foods\/beverages has contributed to unprecedented excess-free-fructose intake levels, fructose malabsorption, gut-dysbiosis and\u00a0gut-fructosylation (immunogen burden)-gateways to chronic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-00919-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T02:07:19Z","timestamp":1706839639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["40\u00a0years of adding more fructose to high fructose corn syrup than is safe, through the lens of malabsorption and altered gut health\u2013gateways to chronic disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Luanne Robalo","family":"DeChristopher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.255","volume":"19","author":"EE Ventura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ventura EE, Davis JN, Goran MI. 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