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The Japanese-style diet is said to be \"ichijusansai\" (rice with one soup and three dishes) and is characterized by a high number of dishes. However, the relationship between the number of dishes in all meals (NDAM) and CVD risk factors remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 2,900 participants aged \u226520 years from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants were divided into four groups according to sex and NDAM. NDAM was calculated based on a one-day weighed dietary record, excluding beverages, and including all other dishes and foods. Multivariable relative risks (RRs) were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model adjusted for age, living alone, area, occupation, exercise habits, smoking habits, drinking habits, and total energy intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with higher NDAM were more likely to be older, non-smokers, and physically active. In men, higher NDAM (Groups 2\u20134) was associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia compared to Group 1 (the lowest NDAM). In women, an inverse association was observed for overweight\/obesity, with Group 4 (the highest NDAM) showing a lower risk than Group 1. Furthermore, a lower risk of hypertension was found in Groups 2\u20133 compared to Group 1. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A diet with a high NDAM may be inversely associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-026-01326-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T01:55:13Z","timestamp":1778550913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of dietary diversity measured by the number of dishes with cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018-19"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Saeka","family":"Takabayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Takimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigekazu","family":"Ukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tamakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9796","key":"1326_CR1","first-page":"1094","volume":"378","author":"N Ikeda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ikeda N, Saito E, Kondo N, Inoue M, Ikeda S, Satoh T, et al. 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