{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:13:56Z","timestamp":1792098836407,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Eng OnLine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T13:36:59Z","timestamp":1526045819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Peripheral vascular disease assessment in the lower limb: a review of current and emerging non-invasive diagnostic methods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2207-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Shabani Varaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano D.","family":"Gargiulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Penkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul P.","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6148.1000506","volume":"6","author":"AV Artazcoz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Artazcoz AV. Diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease: current perspectives. J Anesth Clin Res. 2015;6:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Anesth Clin Res"},{"key":"494_CR2","volume-title":"Lower limb peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management","author":"National Clinical Guideline Centre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Centre National Clinical Guideline. Lower limb peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management. London: Natl. Clin. Guidel. Cent, Royal College of Physicians; 2012."},{"key":"494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.46.1.467","volume":"46","author":"GF Pierce","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pierce GF, Mustoe TA. Pharmacologic enhancement of wound healing. Annu Rev Med. 1995;46:467\u201381.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(02)90014-1","volume":"4","author":"JG Regensteiner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Regensteiner JG, Hiatt WR. Treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Clin Cornerstone. 2002;4:26\u201337.","journal-title":"Clin Cornerstone"},{"key":"494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/01720610-200708000-00009","volume":"20","author":"C Bahr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bahr C. CVI and PAD: a review of venous and arterial disease. JAAPA. 2007;20:20\u20135.","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"key":"494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2007.02.004","volume":"44","author":"M Cushman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol. 2007;44:62\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2007.07.002","volume":"21","author":"GS Barron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barron GS, Jacob SE, Kirsner RS. Dermatologic complications of chronic venous disease: medical management and beyond. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:652\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000164199.72440.08","volume":"111","author":"RT Eberhardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation. 2005;111:2398\u2013409.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.07.001","volume":"48","author":"M Malone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malone M, Lau NS, White J, Novak A, Xuan W, Iliopoulos J, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on costs and length of stay in patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48:447\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Chronic venous diseases of the leg","author":"W Laing","year":"1992","unstructured":"Laing W. Chronic venous diseases of the leg. London: Office of Health Economics; 1992. p. 1\u201344."},{"key":"494_CR11","isbn-type":"print","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s manual of medicine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Longo D, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Jameson J, editors. Harrison\u2019s manual of medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Professional; 2012. eBook ISBN: 9780071808309.","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780071808309","edition":"18"},{"key":"494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x04vm572ra","volume":"9","author":"EP Brass","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brass EP, Hiatt WR, Green S. Skeletal muscle metabolic changes in peripheral arterial disease contribute to exercise intolerance: a point\u2014counterpoint discussion. Vasc Med. 2004;9:293\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1358863x04vm572ra .","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160581.58633.8B","volume":"111","author":"HL Gornik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gornik HL. Peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 2005;111:e169\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160581.58633.8B .","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR14","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-955-8","volume-title":"Noninvasive peripheral arterial diagnosis","year":"2010","unstructured":"AbuRahma AF, Bergan JJ, editors. Noninvasive peripheral arterial diagnosis. London: Springer; 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-84882-955-8 . eBook ISBN: 978-1-84882-955-8.","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781848829558"},{"key":"494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00007","volume":"159","author":"JS Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin JS, Olson CM, Johnson ES, Whitlock EP. The ankle-brachial index for peripheral artery disease screening and cardiovascular disease prediction among asymptomatic adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:333.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"494_CR16","first-page":"397","volume":"42","author":"TB Au","year":"2013","unstructured":"Au TB, Golledge J, Walker PJ, Haigh K, Nelson M. Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management in general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2013;42:397\u2013400.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61249-0","volume":"382","author":"FGR Fowkes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowkes FGR, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013;382:1329\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.03.021","volume":"38","author":"L Persson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Persson L, Lapidus L, L\u00e4rfars G, Rosfors S. Asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis is associated with a low risk of post-thrombotic syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:229\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.04.016","volume":"40","author":"A Rosales","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rosales A, Sandb\u00e6k G, J\u00f8rgensen JJ. Stenting for chronic post-thrombotic vena cava and iliofemoral venous occlusions: mid-term patency and clinical outcome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;40:234\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369515-4\/50007-7","volume-title":"The vein book","author":"J Bergan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bergan J, Pascarella L. Venous anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. In: Bergan JJ, editor. The vein book. New York: Elsevier; 2007. p. 39\u201345."},{"key":"494_CR21","first-page":"67","volume-title":"The chronically swollen leg: finding the cause: theory and practice Venous Ulcers","author":"WP Bundens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bundens WP. The chronically swollen leg: finding the cause: theory and practice Venous Ulcers. New York: Elsevier; 2007. p. 67\u201374."},{"key":"494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70050-1","volume":"22","author":"TE Scott","year":"1995","unstructured":"Scott TE, LaMorte WW, Gorin DR, Menzoian JO. Risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency: a dual case control study. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22:622\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR23","first-page":"439","volume":"45","author":"A DaSilva","year":"1992","unstructured":"DaSilva A, Navarro M, Batalheiro J. The importance of chronic venous insufficiency: various preliminary data on its medico-social consequences. Phlebologie. 1992;45:439\u201343.","journal-title":"Phlebologie."},{"key":"494_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.841403","volume":"119","author":"S Rathbun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rathbun S. The surgeon general\u2019s call to action to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2009;119:e480\u20132.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkq044","volume":"11","author":"RC Barker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barker RC, Marval P. Venous thromboembolism: risks and prevention. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2011;11:18\u201323.","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain."},{"key":"494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.585","volume":"158","author":"MD Silverstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O\u2019Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:585.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"494_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.457","volume":"2013","author":"P Wells","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wells P, Anderson D. The diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Hematology. 2013;2013:457\u201363.","journal-title":"Hematology."},{"key":"494_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1278244","volume":"16","author":"G Dhaliwal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dhaliwal G, Mukherjee D. Peripheral arterial disease: epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment. Int J Angiol. 2007;16:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"},{"key":"494_CR29","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Peripheral arterial disease. Int Encycl Public Heal","author":"I Tzoulaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tzoulaki I, Fowkes FGR. Peripheral arterial disease. Int Encycl Public Heal. New York: Elsevier; 2008. p. 53\u20138."},{"key":"494_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478599","volume":"12","author":"P-E Paulev","year":"1974","unstructured":"Paulev P-E, Neumann F, Nielsen SL, Keiding N. Strain-gauge versus water plethysmography description of simplified systems and analysis of differences and accuracy. Med Biol Eng. 1974;12:437\u201345.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng."},{"key":"494_CR31","volume-title":"Plethysmography: safety, effectiveness, and clinical utility in diagnosingvascular disease","author":"TV Holohan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Holohan TV. Plethysmography: safety, effectiveness, and clinical utility in diagnosingvascular disease. Collingdale: DIANE Publishing; 1996."},{"key":"494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.022","volume":"41","author":"Z Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao Z, Hau WK, Lu M, Huang W, Zhang H, Wu W, et al. Automated framework for detecting lumen and media-adventitia borders in intravascular ultrasound images. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41:2001\u201321.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"494_CR33","first-page":"213","volume":"25","author":"Y Qin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qin Y, Wu J, Hu Q, Ghista DN, Wong KKL. Computational evaluation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for implementing blood flow modelling through CT reconstructed arteries. J Xray Sci Technol. 2017;25:213\u201332.","journal-title":"J Xray Sci Technol"},{"key":"494_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/8621","volume-title":"Methods in research and development of biomedical devices","author":"KKL Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong KKL, Sun Z-H. Methods in research and development of biomedical devices. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd; 2013."},{"key":"494_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70231-9","volume":"27","author":"E Criado","year":"1998","unstructured":"Criado E, Farber MA, Marston WA, Daniel PF, Burnham CB, Keagy BA. The role of air plethysmography in the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:660\u201370.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02410293","volume":"12","author":"FA Anderson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Anderson FA. Impedance plethysmography in the diagnosis of arterial and venous disease. Ann Biomed Eng. 1984;12:79\u2013102.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"494_CR37","unstructured":"Stranden EP. STR Teknikk. http:\/\/www.strteknikk.no\/Previous products\/previous_products.htm . Accessed 19 Apr 2018."},{"key":"494_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co. GmbH. Healthy veins-free of varicose veins. http:\/\/www.healthy-veins.com\/spider-veins-varicose-veins\/diagnosis\/additional-methods-examination\/ . \u00a0Accessed 19 Apr 2018.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315383781-12"},{"key":"494_CR39","unstructured":"ACIMedical. Intro to APG\u00ae Air Plethysmography. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PLM3T8l0_HU . \u00a0Accessed 19 Apr 2018."},{"key":"494_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004926","volume":"121","author":"RJ Whitney","year":"1953","unstructured":"Whitney RJ. The measurement of volume changes in human limbs. J Physiol. 1953;121:1\u201327.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"494_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979204300307","volume":"43","author":"TW Rooke","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rooke TW, Heser JL, Osmundson PJ. Exercise strain-gauge venous plethysmography: evaluation of a \u201cnew\u201d device for assessing lower limb venous incompetence. Angiology. 1992;43:219\u201328.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"494_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.10.021","volume":"47","author":"S Rosfors","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosfors S, Persson LM, Blomgren L. Computerized venous strain-gauge plethysmography is a reliable method for measuring venous function. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;47:81\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR43","volume-title":"Instrumentation, introduction to biomedical","author":"M Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh M. Instrumentation, introduction to biomedical. 2nd ed. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt Ltd; 2014.","edition":"2"},{"key":"494_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/157340312801215782","volume":"8","author":"M Elgendi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elgendi M. On the analysis of fingertip photoplethysmogram signals. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2012;8:14\u201325.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev."},{"key":"494_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/3\/R01","volume":"28","author":"J Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen J. Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement. Physiol Meas. 2007;28:R1\u201339.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"494_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/157016107779317242","volume":"5","author":"M Alnaeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alnaeb M, Alobaid N, Seifalian A, Mikhailidis D, Hamilton G. Optical techniques in the assessment of peripheral arterial disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2007;5:53\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"494_CR47","volume-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of vascular disease. revised","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hershey FB, Barnes RW, Sumner DS, editors. Noninvasive diagnosis of vascular disease. revised. New York: Elsevier; 1984."},{"key":"494_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/26\/5\/018","volume":"26","author":"J Allen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allen J, Oates CP, Lees TA, Murray A. Photoplethysmography detection of lower limb peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a comparison of pulse timing, amplitude and shape characteristics. Physiol Meas. 2005;26:811\u201321.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"494_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319712464814","volume":"64","author":"DH Ro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ro DH, Moon HJ, Kim JH, Lee KM, Kim SJ, Lee DY. Photoplethysmography and continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound as a complementary test to ankle-brachial index in detection of stenotic peripheral arterial disease. Angiology. 2013;64:314\u201320.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"494_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(94)70159-8","volume":"20","author":"RA Bays","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bays RA, Healy DA, Atnip RG, Neumyer M, Thiele BL. Validation of air plethysmography, photoplethysmography, and duplex ultrasonography in the evaluation of severe venous stasis. J Vasc Surg. 1994;20:721\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(92)90103-F","volume":"16","author":"S Sarin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sarin S, Shields DA, Scurr JH, Coleridge Smith PD. Photoplethysmography: a valuable noninvasive tool in the assessment of venous dysfunction? J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:154\u201362.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)91248-H","volume":"161","author":"AA Mitrani","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mitrani AA, Gonzalez ML, O\u2019Connell MT, Guerra J, Harwood RB, Gardner LB. Detection of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis using light reflection rheography. Am J Surg. 1991;161:646\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"494_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90330-O","volume":"18","author":"S Arora","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arora S, Lam DJK, Kennedy C, Meier GH, Gusberg RJ, Negus D. Light reflection rheography: a simple noninvasive screening test for deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:767\u201372.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780225","volume":"78","author":"PRS Thomas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thomas PRS, Butler CM, Bowman J, Grieve NWT, Bennett CE, Taylor RS, et al. Light reflection rheography: an effective non-invasive technique for screening patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis. Br J Surg. 1991;78:207\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"494_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.1999.0886","volume":"18","author":"YK Tan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tan YK, da Silva AF. Digital photoplethysmography in the diagnosis of suspected lower limb DVT: is it useful? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1999;18:71\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701732957","volume":"49","author":"J Wikstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wikstr\u00f6m J, Hansen T, Johansson L, Lind L, Ahlstr\u00f6m H. Ankle brachial index\u2009<\u20090.9 underestimates the prevalence of peripheral artery occlusive disease assessed with whole-body magnetic resonance angiography in the elderly. Acta Radiol. 2008;49:143\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"494_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10378376","volume":"15","author":"D Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu D, Li J, Zou L, Xu Y, Hu D, Pagoto SL, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the ankle brachial index to diagnose peripheral artery disease: a structured review. Vasc Med. 2010;15:361\u20139.","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"494_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.2.6.811","volume":"2","author":"J Nyboer","year":"1950","unstructured":"Nyboer J, Kreider MM, Hannapel L. Electrical impedance plethysmography; a physical and physiologic approach to peripheral vascular study. Circulation. 1950;2:811\u201321.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.10.1544","volume":"66","author":"JC Golden","year":"1986","unstructured":"Golden JC, Miles DS. Assessment of peripheral hemodynamics using impedance plethysmography. Phys Ther. 1986;66:1544\u20137.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"494_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02440947","volume":"17","author":"MY Jaffrin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jaffrin MY, Vanhoutte C. Quantitative interpretation of arterial impedance plethysmographic signals. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1979;17:2\u201310.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput."},{"key":"494_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2014.11.007","volume":"50","author":"E Ma\u0161anauskien\u0117","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma\u0161anauskien\u0117 E, Sadauskas S, Naud\u017ei\u016bnas A, Unikauskas A, Stankevi\u010dius E. Impedance plethysmography as an alternative method for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Medicina (B Aires). 2014;50:334\u20139.","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"494_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-2109(98)00007-6","volume":"7","author":"TG Lynch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lynch TG, Dalsing MC, Ouriel K, Ricotta JJ, Wakefield TW. Developments in diagnosis and classification of venous disorders: non-invasive diagnosis. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:160\u201378.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02447084","volume":"26","author":"AM Sinton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sinton AM, Seagar AD, Davis FM. Automated venous occlusion plethysmograph. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1988;26:295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput."},{"key":"494_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706302962604","volume":"296","author":"R Hull","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hull R, Hirsh J, Sackett DL, Powers P, Turpie AGG, Walker I. Combined use of leg scanning and impedance plethysmography in suspected venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:1497\u2013500.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"494_CR65","first-page":"89","volume":"129","author":"PT Toy","year":"1978","unstructured":"Toy PT, Schrier SL. Occlusive impedance plethysmography. A noninvasive method of diagnosis of proximal deep vein thrombosis. West J Med. 1978;129:89\u201393.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"494_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92939-2","volume":"2","author":"DP Flanigan","year":"1978","unstructured":"Flanigan DP, Goodreau JJ, Burnham SJ, Bergan JJ, Yao JS. Vascular laboratory diagnosis of clinically suspected acute deep vein thrombosis. Lancet (London, England). 1978;2:331\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"494_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.54","volume":"104","author":"M Cooperman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cooperman M, Martin EW, Satiani B, Clark M, Evans WE. Detection of deep venous thrombosis by magnetic resonance imaging. Chest. 1993;104:54\u201360.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"494_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978003100802","volume":"31","author":"CD Liapis","year":"1980","unstructured":"Liapis CD, Satiani B, Kuhns M, Evans WE. Value of impedance plethysmography in suspected venous disease of the lower extremity. Angiology. 1980;31:522\u20135.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"494_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657285","volume":"48","author":"SH Peters","year":"1982","unstructured":"Peters SH, Jonker JJ, de Boer AC, den Ottolander GJ. Home-diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis with impedance plethysmography. Thromb Haemost. 1982;48:297\u2013300.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"494_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651012","volume":"62","author":"MK Cruickshank","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cruickshank MK, Levine MN, Hirsh J, Turpie AG, Powers P, Jay R, et al. An evaluation of impedance plethysmography and 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning in patients following hip surgery. Thromb Haemost. 1989;62:830\u20134.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"494_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400210123021","volume":"152","author":"H Heijboer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Heijboer H. Detection of deep vein thrombosis with impedance plethysmography and real-time compression ultrasonography in hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:1901.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"494_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(88)80099-0","volume":"155","author":"G Paiement","year":"1988","unstructured":"Paiement G, Wessinger SJ, Waltman AC, Harris WH. Surveillance of deep vein thrombosis in asymptomatic total hip replacement patients. Am J Surg. 1988;155:400\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"494_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400110031007","volume":"151","author":"G Agnelli","year":"1991","unstructured":"Agnelli G, Cosmi B, Ranucci V, Renga C, Mosca S, Lupattelli L, et al. Impedance plethysmography in the diagnosis of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in hip surgery. A venography-controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:2167\u201371.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"494_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70033-1","volume":"22","author":"RN Harada","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harada RN, Katz ML, Comerota A. A noninvasive screening test to detect \u201ccritical\u201d deep venous reflux. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22:532\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR75","first-page":"148","volume":"5","author":"DG Christopoulos","year":"1987","unstructured":"Christopoulos DG, Nicolaides AN, Szendro G, Irvine AT, Bull ML, Eastcott HH. Air-plethysmography and the effect of elastic compression on venous hemodynamics of the leg. J Vasc Surg Off Publ Soc Vasc Surg Int Soc Cardiovasc Surg. 1987;5:148\u201359.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Off Publ Soc Vasc Surg Int Soc Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR76","first-page":"23","volume":"15","author":"ML Katz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Katz ML, Comerota AJ, Kerr R. Air plethysmography (APG): a new technique to evaluate patients with chronic venous insuffiicency. J Vasc Technol. 1991;15:23\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vasc Technol."},{"key":"494_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(92)90228-Z","volume":"16","author":"JF Welkie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Welkie JF, Comerota AJ, Katz ML, Aldridge SC, Kerr RP, White JV. Hemodynamic deterioration in chronic venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:733\u201340.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR78","volume-title":"Introduction to vascular ultrasonography","author":"JS Pellerito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pellerito JS, Polak JF. Introduction to vascular ultrasonography. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.","edition":"6"},{"key":"494_CR79","first-page":"48","volume":"35","author":"AM Yousuf","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yousuf AM, Pai NB, Kaul A, Gerst PH. Noninvasive evaluation of vascular diseases. Hosp Physician. 1999;35:48\u201353.","journal-title":"Hosp Physician"},{"key":"494_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800610814","volume":"61","author":"SS Miller","year":"1974","unstructured":"Miller SS, Foote AV. The ultrasonic detection of incompetent perforating veins. Br J Surg. 1974;61:653\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"494_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.04.019","volume":"19","author":"M Gerhard-Herman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gerhard-Herman M, Gardin JM, Jaff M, Mohler E, Roman M, Naqvi TZ. Guidelines for noninvasive vascular laboratory testing: a report from the american society of echocardiography and the society of vascular medicine and biology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19:955\u201372.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"494_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.20.e126","volume":"102","author":"AN Nicolaides","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nicolaides AN. Investigation of chronic venous insufficiency: a consensus statement. Circulation. 2000;102:e126\u201363.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.06.006","volume":"36","author":"JP Eiberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eiberg JP, Hansen MA, Gr\u00f8nvall Rasmussen JB, Schroeder TV. Minimum training requirement in ultrasound imaging of peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;36:325\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1986.5.11.625","volume":"5","author":"MM Dauzat","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dauzat MM, Laroche JP, Charras C, Blin B, Domingo-Faye MM, Sainte-Luce P, et al. Real-time B-mode ultrasonography for better specificity in the noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. J Ultrasound Med. 1986;5:625\u201331.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"494_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870160102","volume":"16","author":"DH O\u2019Leary","year":"1988","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary DH, Kane RA, Chase BM. A prospective study of the efficacy of B-scan sonography in the detection of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. J Clin Ultrasound. 1988;16:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"494_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(84)90087-9","volume":"1","author":"ED Sullivan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sullivan ED, Peter DJ, Cranley JJ. Real-time B-mode venous ultrasound. J Vasc Surg. 1984;1:465\u201371.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR87","volume-title":"Principles of Doppler echocardiography and the Doppler examination# 1","author":"JA Kisslo","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kisslo JA, Adams DB. Principles of Doppler echocardiography and the Doppler examination# 1. London: Ciba-Geigy; 1987."},{"key":"494_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.06.002","volume":"40","author":"JP Eiberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eiberg JP, Gr\u00f8nvall Rasmussen JB, Hansen MA, Schroeder TV. Duplex ultrasound scanning of peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;40:507\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870200602","volume":"20","author":"JF Whelan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whelan JF, Barry MH, Moir JD. Color flow Doppler ultrasonography: comparison with peripheral arteriography for the investigation of peripheral vascular disease. J Clin Ultrasound. 1992;20:369\u201374.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"494_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39217.473275.55","volume":"334","author":"R Collins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collins R, Burch J, Cranny G, Aguiar-Ibanez R, Craig D, Wright K, et al. Duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and assessment of symptomatic, lower limb peripheral arterial disease: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334:1257\u20131257.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"494_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00209.x","volume":"38","author":"RJ Linke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Linke RJ, Davies RP, Giles AJ, Walsh JA, Thompson BW. Colour duplex ultrasound: a screening modality for femoropopliteal disease in patients with intermittent claudication. Australas Radiol. 1994;38:320\u20133.","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"494_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(98)80055-5","volume":"16","author":"S Aly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aly S, Jenkins MP, Zaidi FH, Coleridge Smith PD, Bishop CC. Duplex scanning and effect of multisegmental arterial disease on its accuracy in lower limb arteries. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;16:345\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80221-9","volume":"169","author":"TM Bergamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bergamini TM, Tatum CM, Marshall C, Hall-Disselkamp B, Richardson JD. Effect of multilevel sequential stenosis on lower extremity arterial duplex scanning. Am J Surg. 1995;169:564\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"494_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.01.034","volume":"21","author":"NM Khilnani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khilnani NM, Grassi CJ, Kundu S, D\u2019Agostino HR, Khan AA, McGraw JK, et al. Multi-society consensus quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of lower-extremity superficial venous insufficiency with endovenous thermal ablation from the society of interventional radiology, cardiovascular interventional radiological society. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21:14\u201331.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"494_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513476653","volume":"28","author":"RD Malgor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malgor RD, Labropoulos N. Diagnosis of venous disease with duplex ultrasound. Phlebology. 2013;28:158\u201361.","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"494_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.1.3538148","volume":"162","author":"JJ Cronan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cronan JJ, Dorfman GS, Scola FH, Schepps B, Alexander J. Deep venous thrombosis: US assessment using vein compression. Radiology. 1987;162:191\u20134.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"494_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-5-6","volume":"5","author":"S Goodacre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goodacre S, Sampson F, Thomas S, van Beek E, Sutton A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis. BMC Med Imaging. 2005;5:6.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"494_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.4.475","volume":"24","author":"AM Asbeutah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Asbeutah AM, Riha AZ, Cameron JD, Mcgrath BP. Reproducibility of duplex ultrasonography and air plethysmography used for the evaluation of chronic venous insufficiency. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:475\u201382.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"494_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002966","volume":"129","author":"HL Gornik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gornik HL, Sharma AM. Duplex ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. Circulation. 2014;129:917\u201321.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR100","volume-title":"Peripheral vascular ultrasound: how, why, and when","author":"A Thrush","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thrush A, Hartshorne T. Peripheral vascular ultrasound: how, why, and when. 2nd ed. New York: Elsevier; 2005.","edition":"2"},{"key":"494_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.07.010","volume":"56","author":"JG Crisp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crisp JG, Lovato LM, Jang TB. Compression ultrasonography of the lower extremity with portable vascular ultrasonography can accurately detect deep venous thrombosis in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;56:601\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"494_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195008000-00001","volume":"220","author":"T Winsor","year":"1950","unstructured":"Winsor T. Influence of arterial disease on the systolic blood pressure gradients of the extremity. Am J Med Sci. 1950;220:117\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"494_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e686","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000470","volume":"135","author":"MD Gerhard-Herman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. 2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the american college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2016;135:e686\u2013725.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR104","volume-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","author":"F Crawford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crawford F, Chappell FM, Welch K, Andras A, Brittenden J. Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease (Review). In: Crawford F, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016."},{"key":"494_CR105","first-page":"469","volume":"3","author":"I Conde Del","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Conde I, Benenati JF. Noninvasive testing in peripheral arterial disease. Interv Cardiol Clin. 2014;3:469\u201378.","journal-title":"Interv Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"494_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202063260605","volume":"326","author":"MH Criqui","year":"1992","unstructured":"Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, Feigelson HS, Klauber MR, McCann TJ, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:381\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"494_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.063","volume":"53","author":"MM McDermott","year":"2009","unstructured":"McDermott MM, Guralnik JM, Tian L, Liu K, Ferrucci L, Liao Y, et al. Associations of borderline and low normal ankle-brachial index values with functional decline at 5-year follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1056\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"494_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.2.197","volume":"300","author":"F Fowkes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fowkes F, Murray G, Butcher I, Heald C, Lee R, Chambless L, et al. Ankle brachial index combined with framingham risk score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality. JAMA. 2008;300:197.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"494_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54","volume":"109","author":"HE Resnick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Resnick HE. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the strong heart study. Circulation. 2004;109:733\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199202000-00002","volume":"24","author":"AW Gardner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gardner AW, Skinner JS, Cantwell BW, Smith LK. Prediction of claudication pain from clinical measurements obtained at rest. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24:163\u201370.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"494_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2010.10.019","volume":"64","author":"J Vega","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vega J, Roman\u00ed S, Garcip\u00e9rez FJ, Vicente L, Pacheco N, Zamorano J, et al. Peripheral arterial disease: efficacy of the oscillometric method. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011;64:619\u201321.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"494_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.05.016","volume":"44","author":"F Schr\u00f6der","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der F, Diehm N, Kareem S, Ames M, Pira A, Zwettler U, et al. A modified calculation of ankle-brachial pressure index is far more sensitive in the detection of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:531\u20136.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.20906","volume":"68","author":"K Niazi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Niazi K, Khan TH, Easley KA. Diagnostic utility of the two methods of ankle brachial index in the detection of peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2006;68:788\u201392.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"494_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.72.605","volume":"72","author":"X Guo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guo X, Li J, Pang W, Zhao M, Luo Y, Sun Y, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of ankle-brachial index for detecting angiographic stenosis of peripheral arteries. Circ J. 2008;72:605\u201310.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"494_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.4.442","volume":"165","author":"GI Parameswaran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parameswaran GI, Brand K, Dolan J. Pulse oximetry as a potential screening tool for lower extremity arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:442\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"494_CR116","first-page":"1240","volume":"50","author":"G Premalatha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Premalatha G, Ravikumar R, Sanjay R, Deepa R, Mohan V. Comparison of colour duplex ultrasound and ankle-brachial pressure index measurements in peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with foot infections. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:1240\u20134.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"494_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(96)00036-1","volume":"22","author":"JG Lijmer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lijmer JG, Hunink MGM, van den Dungen JJAM, Loonstra J, Smit AJ. ROC analysis of noninvasive tests for peripheral arterial disease. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22:391\u20138.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"494_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2206","volume":"28","author":"DT Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams DT, Harding KG, Price P. An evaluation of the efficacy of methods used in screening for lower-limb arterial disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2206\u201310.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"494_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.009","volume":"47","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC\/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary a collaborative report from the american association for vascular surgery\/society for Vas. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1239\u2013312.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"494_CR120","first-page":"32","volume":"26","author":"AM Kupinski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kupinski AM. Segmental pressure measurement and plethysmography. j vasc technol. 2002;26:32\u20138.","journal-title":"j vasc technol."},{"key":"494_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(73)80154-0","volume":"126","author":"A Fronek","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fronek A, Johansen KH, Dilley RB, Bernstein EF. Noninvasive physiologic tests in the diagnosis and characterization of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Am J Surg. 1973;126:205\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"key":"494_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5863.392","volume":"2","author":"CL Cutajar","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cutajar CL, Marston A, Newcombe JF. Value of cuff occlusion pressures in assessment of peripheral vascular disease. BMJ. 1973;2:392\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"494_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/3.4.503","volume":"3","author":"JS Allan","year":"1969","unstructured":"Allan JS, Terry HJ. The evaluation of an ultrasonic flow detector for the assessment of peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 1969;3:503\u20139.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"494_CR124","first-page":"4","volume":"161","author":"D Strandness","year":"1965","unstructured":"Strandness D, Bell J. Peripheral vascular disease: diagnosis and objective evaluation using a mercury strain gauge. Ann Surg. 1965;161:4.","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"494_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.4.763","volume":"68","author":"DM Manning","year":"1983","unstructured":"Manning DM, Kuchirka C, Kaminski J. Miscuffing: inappropriate blood pressure cuff application. Circulation. 1983;68:763\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orchard TJ, Strandness DE. Assessment of peripheral vascular disease in diabetes. Report and recommendations of an international workshop sponsored by the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association September 18\u201320, 1992 New Orleans, Louisiana. Circulation. 1993;88:819\u201328.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.2.819"},{"key":"494_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990906","volume":"51","author":"P Holstein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Holstein P, Lassen NA. Healing of ulcers on the feet correlated with distal blood pressure measurements in occlusive arterial disease. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51:995\u20131006.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand."},{"key":"494_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678408992343","volume":"55","author":"P Holstein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holstein P. The distal blood pressure predicts healing of amputations on the feet. Acta Orthop Scand. 1984;55:227\u201333.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"494_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00493.x","volume":"18","author":"B Brooks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brooks B, Dean R, Patel S, Wu B, Molyneaux L, Yue DK. TBI or not TBI: that is the question. Is it better to measure toe pressure than ankle pressure in diabetic patients? Diabet Med. 2001;18:528\u201332.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"494_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.044","volume":"58","author":"C H\u00f8yer","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f8yer C, Sandermann J, Petersen LJ. The toe-brachial index in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. Society for. Vasc Surg. 2013;58:231\u20138.","journal-title":"Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-3-31","volume":"3","author":"MT Romanos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romanos MT, Raspovic A, Perrin BM. The reliability of toe systolic pressure and the toe brachial index in patients with diabetes. J Foot Ankle Res. 2010;3:31.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"494_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.12.003","volume":"39","author":"V Suominen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suominen V, Uurto I, Saarinen J, Venermo M, Salenius J. PAD as a risk factor for mortality among patients with elevated ABI\u2014a clinical study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;39:316\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34885","volume":"40","author":"Y Leskinen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leskinen Y, Salenius JP, Lehtim\u00e4ki T, Huhtala H, Saha H. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and medial arterial calcification in patients with chronic renal failure: requirements for diagnostics. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:472\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"494_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.01.013","volume":"35","author":"V Suominen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suominen V, Rantanen T, Venermo M, Saarinen J, Salenius J. Prevalence and risk factors of PAD among patients with elevated ABI. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35:709\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000403200412","volume":"32","author":"N Papanas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Papanas N, Tziakas D, Maltezos E, Kekes A, Hatzinikolaou E, Parcharidis G, et al. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease as a predictor of the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease with and without diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res. 2004;32:422\u20138.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"494_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00663.x","volume":"13","author":"S Morimoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morimoto S, Nakajima F, Yurugi T, Morita T, Jo F, Nishikawa M, et al. Risk factors of normal ankle-brachial index and low toe-brachial index in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2009;13:103\u20137.","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial."},{"key":"494_CR137","first-page":"36","volume":"57","author":"FP Bonham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonham FP. Measuring toe pressures using a portable photoplethysmograph to detect arterial disease in high-risk patients: an overview of the literature. Ostomy Wound Manag. 2011;57:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manag."},{"key":"494_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-10-71","volume":"10","author":"H Reinhard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reinhard H, Wiinberg N, Hansen PR, Kjaer A, Petersen CL, Winther K, et al. NT-proBNP levels, atherosclerosis and vascular function in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: peripheral reactive hyperaemia index but not NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of coronary atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:71.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"494_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.4.1241","volume":"26","author":"M Kallio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kallio M, Forsblom C, Groop PH, Groop L, Lepantalo M. Development of new peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 11 years. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1241\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"494_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1998.tb01098.x","volume":"11","author":"H Makisalo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Makisalo H, Lepantalo M, Halme L, Lund T, Peltonen S, Salmela K, et al. Peripheral arterial disease as a predictor of outcome after renal transplantation. Transpl Int. 1998;11(Suppl 1):S140\u20133.","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"494_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115233","volume":"129","author":"MH Criqui","year":"1989","unstructured":"Criqui MH, Browner D, Fronek A, Klauber MR, Coughlin SS, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Peripheral arterial disease in large vessels is epidemiologically distinct from small vessel disease. An analysis of risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:1110\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"494_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9900400103","volume":"4","author":"CE Bird","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bird CE, Criqui MH, Fronek A, Denenberg JO, Klauber MR, Langer RD. Quantitative and qualitative progression of peripheral arterial disease by non-invasive testing. Vasc Med. 1999;4:15\u201321.","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"494_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2012.09.022","volume":"45","author":"C H\u00f8yer","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f8yer C, Sandermann J, Petersen LJ. Randomised diagnostic accuracy study of a fully automated portable device for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease by measuring the toe\u2013brachial index. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;45:57\u201364.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24604","volume":"81","author":"I Weinberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weinberg I, Giri J, Calfon MA, Hawkins BM, Weinberg MD, Margey R, et al. Anatomic correlates of supra-normal ankle brachial indices. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;81:1025\u201330.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"494_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.09.024","volume":"33","author":"L Norgren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FGR. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33:S1\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"494_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.Suppl_4.S22","volume":"73","author":"SM Begelman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Begelman SM, Jaff MR. Noninvasive diagnostic strategies for peripheral arterial disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006;73(Suppl 4):S22\u20139.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med."},{"key":"494_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2009.10.003","volume":"13","author":"D Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan D, Anderson ME, Dolmatch BL. Imaging evaluation of lower extremity infrainguinal disease: role of the noninvasive vascular laboratory, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;13:11\u201322.","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol."},{"key":"494_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2011.04.004","volume":"29","author":"SM Azam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azam SM, Carman TL. Diagnostic approach to peripheral arterial disease. Cardiol Clin. 2011;29:319\u201329.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"494_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.66","volume":"8","author":"JF Lau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lau JF, Weinberg MD, Olin JW. Peripheral artery disease. Part 1: clinical evaluation and noninvasive diagnosis. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8:405\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"494_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197040550i605","volume":"55","author":"D Sahli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sahli D, Eliasson B, Svensson M, Blohme G, Eliasson M, Samuelsson P, et al. Assessment of toe blood pressure is an effective screening method to identify diabetes patients with lower extremity arterial disease. Angiology. 2004;55:641\u201351.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"494_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.06.040","volume":"44","author":"DT Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams DT, Price P, Harding KG. The influence of diabetes and lower limb arterial disease on cutaneous foot perfusion. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:770\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.3.227","volume":"39","author":"SC Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park SC, Choi CY, Ha YI, Yang HE. Utility of toe-brachial index for diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. Arch Plast Surg. 2012;39:227.","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg."},{"key":"494_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.3.1097","volume":"85","author":"AM Sawka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sawka AM, Carter SA. Effect of temperature on digital systolic pressures in lower limb in arterial disease. Circulation. 1992;85:1097\u2013101.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"494_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-5096(06)60814-5","volume":"2","author":"PT McCollum","year":"1988","unstructured":"McCollum PT, Stanley ST, Kent P, Grouden MC, Moore DJ, Shanik GD. Assessment of arterial disease using digital systolic pressure measurement. Ann Vasc Surg. 1988;2:349\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24844-8","volume-title":"Arterial stiffness: implications and interventions","author":"BS Fleenor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fleenor BS, Berrones AJ. Arterial stiffness: implications and interventions. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015."},{"key":"494_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1809.0001","volume":"99","author":"T Young","year":"1809","unstructured":"Young T. The croonian lecture: on the functions of the heart and arteries. Philos Trans R Soc London. 1809;99:1\u201331.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London."},{"key":"494_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artres.2008.11.002","volume":"3","author":"P Boutouyrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boutouyrie P, Briet M, Collin C, Vermeersch S, Pannier B. Assessment of pulse wave velocity. Artery Res. 2009;3:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Artery Res."},{"key":"494_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.15.4.339","volume":"15","author":"M O\u2019Rourke","year":"1990","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke M. Arterial stiffness, systolic blood pressure, and logical treatment of arterial hypertension. Hypertension. 1990;15:339\u201347.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"494_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12191","volume":"15","author":"M Catalano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Catalano M, Scandale G, Carzaniga G, Cinquini M, Minola M, Dimitrov G, et al. Increased aortic stiffness and related factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013;15:712\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)."},{"key":"494_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(55)90322-7","volume":"50","author":"E Simonson","year":"1955","unstructured":"Simonson E, Koff S, Keys A, Minckler J. Contour of the toe pulse, reactive hyperemia, and pulse transmission velocity: group and repeat variability, effect of age, exercise, and disease. Am Heart J. 1955;50:260\u201379.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"494_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(71)90229-8","volume":"82","author":"M Eliakim","year":"1971","unstructured":"Eliakim M, Sapoznikov D, Weinman J. Pulse wave velocity in healthy subjects and in patients with various disease states. Am Heart J. 1971;82:448\u201357.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"494_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08640-4","volume":"7","author":"Y Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia Y, Liu X, Wu D, Xiong H, Ren L, Xu L, et al. Influence of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability on vascular elasticity in hypertensive population. Sci Rep. 2017;7:8394.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"494_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.10.253","volume":"10","author":"H Yokoyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yokoyama H, Shoji T, Kimoto E, Shinohara K, Tanaka S, Koyama H, et al. Pulse wave velocity in lower-limb arteries among diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2003;10:253\u20138.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb."},{"key":"494_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-015-0086-8","volume":"35","author":"T Pereira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pereira T, Correia C, Cardoso J. Novel methods for pulse wave velocity measurement. J Med Biol Eng. 2015;35:555\u201365.","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng."},{"key":"494_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.10.010","volume":"49","author":"MA Khalil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khalil MA, Kim HK, Hoi JW, Kim I, Dayal R, Shrikhande G, et al. Detection of peripheral arterial disease within the foot using vascular optical tomographic imaging: a clinical pilot study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;49:83\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"494_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breen PP, Gargiulo GD. Hemodynamic monitor for rapid, cost-effective assessment of peripheral vascular function. In: 2014 36th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering medicine and biology society. New York: IEEE; 2014. p. 4795\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6944696"},{"key":"494_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShabaniVaraki E, Breen PP, Gargiulo GD. HeMo: towards an inexpensive wearable peripheral blood flow monitoring device. In: 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits Systems Conference IEEE; 2015. p. 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2015.7348286"},{"key":"494_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.06.052","volume":"25","author":"E Shabani Varaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shabani Varaki E, Gargiulo G, Breen P. Towards low-cost non-invasive assessment of peripheral vascular function. Hear Lung Circ. 2016;25:S23\u20134.","journal-title":"Hear Lung Circ"},{"key":"494_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-015-0364-3","volume":"38","author":"KKL Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong KKL, Hui SCN. Ethical principles and standards for the conduct of biomedical research and publication. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2015;38:377\u201380.","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"494_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-015-0346-5","volume":"38","author":"KKL Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong KKL, Chu WCW. Ethics policies and procedures in imaging and interventional radiology. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2015;38:375\u20136.","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"494_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8819","DOI":"10.1021\/nn503454h","volume":"8","author":"CS Boland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boland CS, Khan U, Backes C, O\u2019Neill A, McCauley J, Duane S, et al. Sensitive, high-strain, high-rate bodily motion sensors based on graphene-rubber composites. ACS Nano. 2014;8:8819\u201330.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"494_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2879","volume":"354","author":"CS Boland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boland CS, Khan U, Ryan G, Barwich S, Charifou R, Harvey A, et al. Sensitive electromechanical sensors using viscoelastic graphene-polymer nanocomposites. Science. 2016;354:1257\u201360.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"494_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x06074828","volume":"11","author":"A Szuba","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szuba A, Oka RK, Harada R, Cooke JP. Limb hemodynamics are not predictive of functional capacity in patients with PAD. Vasc Med. 2006;11:155\u201363.","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"494_CR174","first-page":"1","volume":"2013","author":"W-H Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin W-H, Zhang H, Zhang Y-T. Investigation on cardiovascular risk prediction using physiological parameters. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med."},{"key":"494_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2244892","volume":"60","author":"YT Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang YT, Zheng YL, Lin WH, Zhang HY, Zhou XL. Challenges and opportunities in cardiovascular health informatics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013;60:633\u201342.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"}],"container-title":["BioMedical Engineering OnLine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T14:42:39Z","timestamp":1661265759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"references-count":175,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-018-0494-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-925X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-925X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"61"}}