{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:45:52Z","timestamp":1772826352103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui Medical University 2022 Research Fund","award":["(2022xkj109)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2022xkj109)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Eng OnLine"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T11:14:01Z","timestamp":1752318841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for concurrent pulmonary infection in convalescent patients with intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinliang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","volume":"17","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(1):18\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"1425_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00228-0","volume":"6","author":"Q Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Q, Li R, Wang L, Yin P, Wang Y, Yan C, et al. Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of stroke burden in China, 1990\u20132019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(12):e897\u2013906.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1425_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104667","volume":"29","author":"J Liljehult","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liljehult J, Christensen T, Christensen KB. Early prediction of one-year mortality in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(4): 104667.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1425_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000506396","volume":"54","author":"RV Krishnamurthi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krishnamurthi RV, Ikeda T, Feigin VL. Global, regional and country-specific burden of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017. Neuroepidemiology. 2020;54(2):171\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"1425_CR5","first-page":"S65","volume":"44","author":"DF Hanley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hanley DF, Awad IA, Vespa PM, Martin NA, Zuccarello M. Hemorrhagic stroke: introduction. Stroke. 2013;44(6 Suppl 1):S65-66.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1425_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/429108","volume":"2012","author":"Z Dostovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dostovic Z, Smajlovic D, Dostovic E, Ibrahimagic OC. Stroke and disorders of consciousness. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2012;2012: 429108.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1425_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1043","volume":"5","author":"H Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao H, Ju K, Zhong L, Meng T. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for depression in the convalescent stage following cerebral hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5(6):1609\u201312.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1425_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018806196","volume":"14","author":"MS Badve","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badve MS, Zhou Z, van de Beek D, Anderson CS, Hackett ML. Frequency of post-stroke pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Stroke. 2019;14(2):125\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"1425_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010064","volume":"17","author":"R Shim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shim R, Wong CH. Ischemia, Immunosuppression and Infection-Tackling the Predicaments of Post-Stroke Complications. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:1.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1425_CR10","first-page":"369","volume":"195","author":"EM Schaeffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schaeffer EM. Re: the preventive antibiotics in stroke study (pass): a pragmatic randomised open-label masked endpoint clinical trial. J Urol. 2016;195(2):369.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1425_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010223","volume":"11","author":"JMF Mendiola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendiola JMF, Arboix A, Garcia-Eroles L, Sanchez-Lopez MJ. Acute spontaneous lobar cerebral hemorrhages present a different clinical profile and a more severe early prognosis than deep subcortical intracerebral hemorrhages-a hospital-based stroke registry study. Biomedicines. 2023;11:1.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1425_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000491442","volume":"51","author":"R Khatib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khatib R, Arevalo YA, Berendsen MA, Prabhakaran S, Huffman MD. Presentation, evaluation, management, and outcomes of acute stroke in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2018;51(1\u20132):104\u201312.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"1425_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001227","volume":"94","author":"S-W Ho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ho S-W, Hsieh M-J, Yang S-F, Yeh Y-T, Wang Y-H, Yeh C-B. Risk of stroke-associated pneumonia with acid-suppressive drugs. Medicine. 2015;94:29.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1425_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.888684","volume":"13","author":"Y Miao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miao Y, Wang B, Hu J, Zhang H, Li X, Huang Y, et al. Herb formula (GCis) prevents pulmonary infection secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage by enhancing peripheral immunity and intestinal mucosal immune barrier. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13: 888684.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1425_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.JNS127","volume":"118","author":"K-W Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang K-W, Chen H-J, Lu K, Liliang P-C, Huang C-K, Tang P-L, et al. Pneumonia in patients with severe head injury: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(2):358\u201363.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1425_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.12.036","volume":"41","author":"Q Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Q, Liu Y, Han L, He F, Cai N, Zhang Q, et al. Risk factors for acute stroke-associated pneumonia and prediction of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;41:55\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"51","key":"1425_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023544","volume":"99","author":"S Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu S, Du B, Shan A, Shi F, Wang J, Xie M. The risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(51): e23544.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1425_CR18","first-page":"237","volume":"38","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li W, Xu L, Zhao H, Zhu S. Analysis of clinical distribution and drug resistance of klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive intra cerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):237\u201342.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1425_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.024","volume":"28","author":"RS Barlas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barlas RS, Clark AB, Bettencourt-Silva JH, Sawanyawisuth K, Kongbunkiat K, Kasemsap N, et al. Pneumonia and risk of serious adverse outcomes in hospitalized strokes in Thailand. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(6):1448\u201354.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"1425_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1","volume":"77","author":"O Finlayson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finlayson O, Kapral M, Hall R, Asllani E, Selchen D, Saposnik G, et al. Risk factors, inpatient care, and outcomes of pneumonia after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2011;77(14):1338\u201345.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1425_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.3118.3197","volume":"27","author":"AP Gaspari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaspari AP, Cruz EDA, Batista J, Alpendre FT, Zetola V, Lange MC. Predictors of prolonged hospital stay in a Comprehensive Stroke Unit. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2019;27: e3197.","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"issue":"06","key":"1425_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2012.36090","volume":"03","author":"A Arboix","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arboix A, Massons J, Garc\u00eda-Eroles L, Targa C, Oliveres M, Comes E. Clinical predictors of prolonged hospital stay after acute stroke: relevance of medical complications. Int J Clin Med. 2012;03(06):502\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1425_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.06.008","volume":"25","author":"JF Colbert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colbert JF, Traystman RJ, Poisson SN, Herson PS, Ginde AA. Sex-related differences in the risk of hospital-acquired sepsis and pneumonia post acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(10):2399\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1425_CR24","volume":"8","author":"D Mano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mano D, Campos P, Vale B, Pinto A. Stroke and respiratory failure: mind the shunt! Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2021;8(12): 003094.","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1425_CR25","first-page":"43","volume":"11","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang B, Yang S, Zhai HL, Zhang YY, Cui CX, Wang JY, et al. A comparative study of risk factors for corneal infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018;11(1):43\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1425_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001459","volume":"99","author":"S Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao S, Zhang T, Zhao J, Li B, Wu Z. A retrospective analysis of factors impacting rehabilitation outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral Hemorrhage. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;99(11):1004\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"1425_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1179\/016164111X13007856084205","volume":"33","author":"R Sui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sui R, Zhang L. Risk factors of stroke-associated pneumonia in Chinese patients. Neurol Res. 2013;33(5):508\u201313.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"1425_CR28","first-page":"008530","volume":"2011","author":"W Wf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wf W, Jd V. Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in patients with acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2011:008530.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1425_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1085302","volume":"13","author":"MZ Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan MZ, Li F, Tian X, Wang W, Jia M, Wang XF, et al. Risk factors for lung infection in stroke patients: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13(10):1289\u201398.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1425_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000063373.70993.CD","volume":"34","author":"R Hilker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hilker R, Poetter C, Findeisen N, Sobesky J, Jacobs A, Neveling M, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia after acute stroke: implications for neurological intensive care medicine. Stroke. 2003;34(4):975\u201381.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"1425_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy435","volume":"218","author":"SA Selvaraj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Selvaraj SA, Lee KE, Harrell M, Ivanov I, Allegranzi B. Infection rates and risk factors for infection among health workers during Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks: a systematic review. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(5):679\u201389.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1425_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12095","volume":"128","author":"H Harms","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harms H, Grittner U, Droge H, Meisel A. Predicting post-stroke pneumonia: the PANTHERIS score. Acta Neurol Scand. 2013;128(3):178\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"1425_CR33","volume":"13","author":"I Grossmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grossmann I, Rodriguez K, Soni M, Joshi PK, Patel SC, Shreya D, et al. Stroke and pneumonia: mechanisms, risk factors, management, and prevention. Cureus. 2021;13(11): e19912.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"1425_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0520-0","volume":"254","author":"U Walter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walter U, Knoblich R, Steinhagen V, Donat M, Benecke R, Kloth A. Predictors of pneumonia in acute stroke patients admitted to a neurological intensive care unit. J Neurol. 2007;254(10):1323\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1425_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000366423","volume":"43","author":"E Brogan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brogan E, Langdon C, Brookes K, Budgeon C, Blacker D. Dysphagia and factors associated with respiratory infections in the first week post stroke. Neuroepidemiology. 2014;43(2):140\u20134.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1425_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00010510","volume":"36","author":"K Ward","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ward K, Seymour J, Steier J, Jolley CJ, Polkey MI, Kalra L, et al. Acute ischaemic hemispheric stroke is associated with impairment of reflex in addition to voluntary cough. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(6):1383\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1425_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_212_18","volume":"22","author":"L Mao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mao L, Liu X, Zheng P, Wu S. Epidemiologic features, risk factors, and outcomes of respiratory infection in patients with acute stroke. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2019;22(4):395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1425_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9325-6","volume":"14","author":"A Hug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hug A, Murle B, Dalpke A, Zorn M, Liesz A, Veltkamp R. Usefulness of serum procalcitonin levels for the early diagnosis of stroke-associated respiratory tract infections. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14(3):416\u201322.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"1425_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000692","volume":"7","author":"B Hotter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hotter B, Hoffmann S, Ulm L, Montaner J, Bustamante A, Meisel C, et al. Inflammatory and stress markers predicting pneumonia, outcome, and etiology in patients with stroke: Biomarkers for predicting pneumonia, functional outcome, and death after stroke. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7:3.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2018","key":"1425_CR40","first-page":"6163","volume":"2015","author":"YLX Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu YLX, Chen YJ, Yu J, Yin SJ. Serum iron and A(2)DS(2) score in stroke-associated pneumonia. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;2015(2018):6163\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"1425_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-32","volume":"7","author":"A Arboix","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arboix A, Rodriguez-Aguilar R, Oliveres M, Comes E, Garcia-Eroles L, Massons J. Thalamic haemorrhage vs internal capsule-basal ganglia haemorrhage: clinical profile and predictors of in-hospital mortality. BMC Neurol. 2007;7:32.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1425_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000407","volume":"53","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, Dowlatshahi D, Francis B, Goldstein JN, et al. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral Hemorrhage: a guideline from the American heart association\/American stroke association. Stroke. 2022;53(7):e282\u2013361.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1425_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107602962211179","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296221117991","volume":"28","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Gan Z, Ye Q, et al. A nomogram for individualized prediction of calf muscular vein thrombosis in stroke patients during rehabilitation: a retrospective study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2022;28:10760296221117992.","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"1425_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00369-9","volume":"19","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang S, Tu J. Nomogram to predict multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020;19(1):27.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"}],"container-title":["BioMedical Engineering OnLine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T08:29:00Z","timestamp":1757233740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01425-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4284381\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-925X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-925X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Any involvement of human participants, materials, or data complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of the Second People\u2019s Hospital of Hefei (Ethics Number: 2022-Scientific Research-091). In addition, we have received written informed consent from the patient\u2019s family.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"88"}}