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Its structure and functional performance depend on multiple layers of interconnected cells and extracellular matrix components that together provide mechanical support. The retina\u2019s biomechanical properties, including elasticity, stiffness, and tensile strength, govern how it deforms and recovers under physiological load and mechanical stress. Quantifying these properties is essential for understanding how the retina resists tractional and compressive forces that can lead to injury or disease. Techniques including tensile testing, atomic force microscopy, optical coherence elastography, Brillouin microscopy, and computational modeling have advanced our understanding of retinal stiffness and revealed altered tissue mechanics in ocular disease. 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